Personal Health Records Essay

AbstractA ainised comfortablyness put down (PHR) is a universal tool that consists of a comprehensive database of an individuals wellness documents. individual(prenominal) health write downs ar available in a variety of platforms, much(prenominal) as paper, the internet, in-person computers, and portable devices. This paper describes the hearts involved in a individualizedisedized health immortalise as well as the locomote to putting in concert a person-to-person heath record. The advantages of having a personal health record commode be a purport saver. Patients fuck control their own health records and play a proactive role in better managing their personal health forethought telling. Several pushs remain an issue with personal health records, issues such(prenominal)(prenominal) as security and seclusion, personifys, and lack of calibration.Have you ever wondered what to do with every(a) your immunization records or grey medical checkup examinati on records you collected e rattlingwhere the years and have stuffed away in a multiple places throughout your home? That is beca wasting disease until sweet-madely, individuals didnt have a place to properly store their personal medical records. Every adept has a different brass of how they maintain their personal health records, from an old shoe box, to the special drawer or the over stuffed file folder. There argon some(prenominal) problems associated with these kind of record keeping practices. First of all, they ar not safe or secure in the gist of theft or fire. Secondly, it is difficult to write out your health from a file folder. Papers documents collected over a persons life date can be enormous, especially in the event of a long term disorder. It is a daunting task to conform to up all your paper documents saved over the past several years and presend them in wholeness big disorganized pile to a health negociateworker and expect them to categorization it out.B ecause of the demands in healthcargon and on healthc ar workers, on that point has been an recent surge in the bea of personal health records nurture. Several companies andresearchers have developed honest and creative ways for individuals to maintain their personal health records, in addition to well integrating their records into clinical healthcare systems. A personal health record is a way that individuals can gather all in that respect medical knowledge and place it into one safe and secure place. personalised health records are a gathering of an individuals medical data from several different sources and devising them readily irritateible in one or an other format when needed. Sources where one might collect medical education are clinics, multiple doctors offices, laboratories, pharmacies, radiology departments, hospitals, insurance companies, and the military, etc. not to confuse anyone, but a personal health record or a electronic personal health record is not th e same as a electronic health record. A personal health record is used by an individual and they control who can sympathize or use the information in it. Other batch, such as their doctor, whitethorn be able to add information to it. An electronic health record is used and controlled by health care providers. electronic health records may be stored at a doctors office, a hospital, an insurance company, or an employer. (NIH Medicine Plus, pgs. 16-17) Electronic health records are legally mandated notes on the care provided by clinicians to diligents. There is no legal mandate on personal health records.(Wikipedia, n.d) Creating an comprehensive personal health record can be life saving for several reasons. wizard reason beingness, in the case of an emergency, medical personal need correct up to date data in order to provide an individual with the most proficient care available. For example, for the first time in history at any mass gathering, many of the peoples personal el ectronic health records were instantly, securely available to medical personnel at the world-famous Indy 500 ride race. The Indianapolis Motor Speedways Clarian Emergency Medical Center had rile to thoserecords, thanks to the Indiana mesh for Patient Care (INPC). The data admit admission and discharge notes, lab testify results, and other scathing information. A personal electronic health record is medical information about an individual that is stored in secure digital form on a computer or a network of computers. The refinement of many in the health-care field is to have that information available instantly to health professionals wherever you areeven at The 500. (NIH Medicine Plus, pgs. 16-17)Putting together a personal health record is a great way to take control of your health. A Personal health record is initiated and maintained by an individual. From using something as simple as a notebook, a file folder, or buying a program or using a password saved website, creating a personal health record is becoming more readily available than ever before. Web sites such a Google Health or Microsoft Health Vault are just a few of the many web based companies cashing in on the personal health record market. Most of these web sites provide secure password cherished find to some health insurers, pharmacies, and providers so you can request and transfer your records, saving yourself some work. roughly of the tools found on these web sites can suspensor track and record your progress towards your health goals, such as weight loss and nutrition. Keeps track of doctor visits and information to allot with your doctor, such as bank line sugars, cholesterol, and blood pressure since your last appointment. Electronic personal heath record websites answer to diminish the rough-and-tumble of scheduling appointments, submitting insurance claims, ordering prescriptions or refills by automatically doing it for you. Additional tools include monitoring devices such as a pace understandr check or blood sugar/insulin calculator to ordering prescriptions.Flags recent medication or discharge instructions from your last visit. exists may vary depending on the typewrite of personal health record being used.Using a computer based personal health record can be as easy as checking your e-mail. Personal health records are offered by a variety of sourcesemployers, insurers, healthcare organizations, and companies that arent in the healthcare arena. Kaiser Permanente said in April that more than 3 million of its 8.6 million members use its My Health Manager system to access their records, make appointments, look at lab results, and orderprescriptions.(Hobson, 2009) PHRs can contain a diverse range of data and may include information such as 1.Name, birth date, blood type2.Emergency contact(s)3.Primary caregiver(s)/phone number4.Medicines, dosages, and how long taken, including over the counter and herbal remedies 5.Allergies/adverse drug reactions6.Date of last physical7.Dates/results of tests and screenings8.Major illnesses/surgeries/procedures and their dates/hospitalizations 9.Chronic diseases10.Family illness history11.vaccinations/immunization records12.laboratory test results13.imaging reports14.Activities of daily living15.Health insurance information16.Spiritual or Religious Preferences17.Advance DirectivesWhat not to include in your personal health record1. your social security number2. home language3. telephone number enjoyment caution when placing your personal information on the internet. Using information that identifies you too closely can preface to identity theft, even medical identity theft. Medical identity theft is when someone steals your insurance information and makes medical appointments in your name and orders prescription medications. Reports cite 200,000 cases of medical identity theft each year. (Torrey, 2010) whizz advantage to using a web-site for posting your PHR is having the ability to access your me dical records from almost anywhere, anytime, as well as helping keep your records updated and circulating(prenominal). Using a PHR helps to eliminate duplicate tests, which saves both time and money. In addition, quite of waiting for the usual 7-10 days for lab results to be mailed to you, systems can automatically upload the information to the PHR once they become available. Not yet does this help with patient satisfaction, but is an enormous nest egg on mailing and handling costs. One of the obstacles and concerns of creating a personal health record is security andprivacy of individuals records. umpteen consumers wonder whether their health information is kept private and secure in an electronic health record system. There are several PHR web providers that would love nothing better than to sell your information to advertisers. Although there are several good programs, consumers need to use caution when selecting an online program. Most companies use encrypted programs to pro tect unwanted and unauthorized access to an individuals personal health records. legion(predicate) individuals continue to use paper records for their personal health records. However, with the invention of modern computer record keeping programs, paper records may not be as effective for the care of individuals with chronic illnesses. Some individuals have a long history of medical problems and have accumulated volumes of paper medical records. Paper records are not readily available at multiple locations at once and often present with an inconsistently of information. An individual with a chronic illness may benefit from transferring their paper records into an electronic personal health records program, which give aid in up their continuity of care and efficiency. Many personal health care programs offer services that forget help guide individuals on the how to of scanning and uploading their paper records into the program. Another benefit to using an electronic program is havi ng your personal information formatted into a standard reporting structures for charting and sharing information and devising it easier and faster for healthcare workers to fall over medical history and treat an individual. For example, a doctor can order a test for a patient and have the results transmitted to a their PDA and in turn can check the patients medical information and order further tests, medications and treatments at their convenience. This not that saves time for the patient, butfrees the doctor from making frequent trips to the various locations to see patients or review results of tests. The results are then immediately uploaded into the patients personal health records. (Mohammod, 2009) For example, a newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetic may have concerns with the dosages of their insulin and sliding scales plus managing their fodder. alikels included in some of the personal health record programs will smooth the progress of mapping out a diabetics prog ress as well as offering a plethora of educational sites and suggestions and feedback, including alerts being sent to the physician or nurse if their blood sugar enters into a dangerous zone.(SentinelNewsService, 2009)Nursing related issues and Personal health records are becoming more challenging then ever before. As progress towards digitizing healthcare evolves, nurses are caught in between the paper documentation to electronic documentation chaos. Nurses must play an proactive role in educating themselves to the variety of personal health record information that is readily available for their patients. Many patients are unaware of the services available to them and a healthcare provider must often help inspire their patients along their personal journey of creating a personal health record. Moreover, a nurse that is proactive with helping patients with their personal health records, will also encourage a patient to healthy behaviors, by teaching patients how to use tools to keep track of their health progress, such as weight loss and diet control. Encouraging a patient to keep better track of their healthcare records will be priceless for patients with chronic illnesses. Providing up to date information in one document to a health care provider not only saves time and money, but assists the health care provider in providing safer and better quality of care as well as a better way of communicating with their providers. As a nurse, it canbe very frustrating taking a health history on a patient with a chronic illness with a long come of medications. Often, patients are despicable historians or dont remember the name of a drug or dosage. Nurses can drip well over an hour just gathering information about the patients history before they can begin to treat the patients problem. It is always a welcoming sign ofrelief when a patient produces an itemized list of all their medications and dosages as well as their past medical history. The time spent gathering all the patients information could be better spent on giving more personal care to the patient as well as the other patients in the nurses care.(Sensmeier, 2010, p. 47-50)Physicians have their own issues and concerns related to personal health records. First of all, most physicians are mostly interested in providing safe, resourceful and revenue producing care. Physicians are decelerate to adapt to change and it is difficult to convince a physician to use a service for something that may not produce results for many years. Personal health records are in their infancy stages and are only a hand full of individuals are utilizing the services. Physicians as well other medical personal may not be educated on personal health records and are not obligated to review or edit or treat these type of records. However, once a document from a patients personal health record is imported into an Electronic medical record, the physician is then responsible for reviewing such data. Physicians are the n responsible for maintaining the accuracy of the data exported to the patients personal health record. Another concern is the issue of compensation. How are physicians going to be compensated for their time spent on training, implementation, updating and creating documents for PHR? Also, covering the costs associated with the hiring of new staff that will be needed to head such a plan, as well as purchasing therequired equipment and software that will be used to interface with larger networks?(American College for Physicians, 2006, p. 1-2)Personal health records have a direct impact on the role of the treat informatics specialist. One of the roles of a nursing informatics specialist is reviewing, analyzing and coordinating new applications across departments and determine how the new applications will best fit into a healthcare system effectively. One of the biggest concerns of any healthcare system is cost, the cost of a new program or application must be carefully scrutinized by the nursing informatics specialist as well as other personal within the healthcare system before being accepted into the system. Several questions that arise from the nursing informatics specialist may include1.Revenue enhancement2.Cost containment3.Broad-spectrum cohesiveness throughout the system4.Better workflow processes5.Government regulations6.Patient safety/satisfaction7.Implementation and Development8.Data interfaces9.Troubleshooting and training10.Software/equipment issues11.Standardization developmentA key concern to most healthcare systems is the inevitability of employing such systems. Healthcare systems will last be forced into implementing such programs. The future of healthcare is rapidly becoming more digitalized and will be dictated by the consumers demands and systems that can better accommodate such demands. The next generation of computer prod consumers and evolving healthcare technologies is on the forefront of nursing informatics specialists agendas.Nursing informatics specialists are scrambling to keep up with technology and developing savvy ways of keeping up with current trends in healthcare. Currently, there is very little data related to the purchasing costs of commercial PHR applications which presents a problem to the NIS. Not only is PHR a cost concern problem, but anytime a new product as enormous as PHR applications are lingering over a health care systems head, it becomes a system wide concern because the future is so unpredictable and health care systems cant afford to spend millions of dollars on the implementation of such systems and then the system becomes obsolete within a year after implementation. A nursing information specialists input is critical in healthcare systems decision making process.Every day you hear of a new process or a new indemnity related to healthcare. Nursing information specialists are fairly new to the healthcare scene andare at once being propelled into unfamiliar and never heard of areas of he althcare. A NIS must hold on tight to their granular hat and be prepared to handle the roller coaster ride of the unpredicted future of healthcare technology. (Shah, Kaelber, Adam, Pan, Middleton & Johnston, 2008)The standardisation of personal health records is an ongoing concern among consumers and the healthcare industry. There are many standards, open specifications, and efforts toward standardization of PHR information, and services. Many organizations are actively working to improve and support the exchange of medical record information.(Records for Living, 2010)Because there is not set standard among PHR vendors and health care organizations, the present recommendation is to adopt data content and exchange standards that are based upon standards accepted for EHRs, as a way of improving the interoperability of the systems. In addition, it is all important(p) for consumers to understand the privacy policies and practices of PHR vendors and health care organizations and who m ay have secondary access to their personal information. Also, these agencies should address any language barrier issues preventing the consumer from fully understanding the agencies practices related to security and privacy. Since HIPPA does not cover all PHR systems, consumers should be provided a complete outline of the uses of their PHR data and not covered entities should voluntarily adopt to inexorable privacy policies and practices. No health information provided to a PHR agency should be used without the expressed live with or authorization of the consumer. (US dept. of Health and military man Services, 2010)President Bush and Secretary Leavitt have put in the lead a vision that, in the Secretarys words, would score a personal health record that patients, doctors and other health care providers could securely access through the Internet no matter where a patient is seeking medical care. (US dept. of Health and Human Services, 2010) Before those famous words can be put in to effect, there first, must be a global standardization and recognized language. Currently,there is no uniform definition of personal health records, therefore makingcollaboration and policy-making difficult. The following aspects of PHRs can vary1.what information is allowed on a PHR2.secure and reliable sources of the information3.features and functions offered4.custodian of the record5.storage location of the contents6.authorized access to records and security standardsAdditionally, organizations will continue to discover gaps during the development phases of PHR, by collecting data and information, agencies can make recommendations and respond with appropriate action.Providing readily accessible, safe and reliable data through secure systems of communication will help to better serve consumers, patients, healthcare workers and federal and public agencies, and others far more effectively. However, there is a general concern for the underserved populations. There are several area s of the country that do not have access to such systems or have the resources or funds to purchase such systems. Also, there are educational barriers to consider in relation to health literacy issues which could limit the use of PHR systems in these underserved populations. With so many people out of work and living on welfare, there are far greater concerns than having a PHR. Many people are only concerned with their basic survival and having enough resources to provide a meal or heat to their families. The government would need to provide assistance to the underserved if this was required of them.In conclusion, as a nurse and a potential consumer, I am in favor of a electronic personal heath record and do think the pros of such systems outweigh the cons, especially in the case ofthe inveterate ill. I do, however have many concerns with PHRs. As a nurse, it would be difficult to rely on data presented in a electronic personal health record unless I was able to affirm the informa tion with a physiciantreating the individual or a family member. I can see how soft an individual may inadvertently enter the wrong medication into their personal health record. A simple slip of the key may change a medication entered as a diabetes drug Amaryl instead of an Alzheimers medication called Reminyl. Pharmaceutical companies are working hard to prevent medications from being named something similar to other drugs currently on the market, but there have been several reported deaths due to medication errors.It should be required that a government monitoring agency be in charge of overseeing the content being entered into PHRs as well as protecting consumers from becoming the victim of targeted marketing scams or identity theft. Too often we hear of these things happening to unknowing victims and unfortunately most of these victims are the elderly, which will more than possible be one of the biggest consumers of this kind of service. The government will also need to set sta ndards for protecting consumers, otherwise, if consumers are being victimized on these kind of systems, PHR could potentially suffer harm and loose the trust of consumers. The widespread adoption of PHRs will not happen until consumers are confident with their personal records being adequately protected.I think it is important to get consumers and patients more involved in their own healthcare. And one of the first steps is learning how to create their own personal health record. Not only can they learn to create their own PHR, but they could get there family and friends involved as well. Using an Internet-based PHR system allows for multiple individuals, such as family members and caregivers to contribute patient information from multiple locations. Forexample, a cognate that lives out of town may have the access to update their parents health information and also share the information with another sibling who lives out of town and both collaborate on the information provided. Thi s allows for continuity of care in the event of an illness and the sibling is not directly available to be at their parents bedside.The personal health record will play a key role in motivating the consumeror patient to a safer, more efficient form of healthcare. Because personal health records are still in their infancy stages, there remains a great deal of concern for the safety and security for the users personal information. Once these concerns are addressed and idiot- proofed, consumers and health care facilities may buy into it.Personal health care records are designed to help individuals better organize their health care records by placing all their documents into one easily accessible format. This kind of application can be a life saver. Having all of a patients up to date information available for healthcare personal to review in one easy to read format may make the difference between life and death in some cases. rapidly identifying drug allergies, medications, health his tory is all a part of the vital information needed in the case of any emergency. There is a myth among most consumers, most consumers believe that emergency entourage should have access to their medical records in the event of a crisis and the truth is, they dont. Many patients see several doctors from a variety of locations and emergency rooms dont have immediate access to all of a patients medical information. A personal health record not only allows you to share information with health care providers at multiple locations, it also empowers the consumer or patient to better manage their own health goals. Building a health record takes a considerable amount of time and effort. You have to collect all your past medical documents and manually enter them into a PHR platform of your choice. by and by that, it is as simple as scanning or faxing in a document or unveiling the information manually into a system after each visit to the doctor, or test, which keeps your medical records cu rrent and updated.Term PaperReferencesEHR/PHR Basics. (pgs. 16-17). Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from www.nlm.nih.gov Hobson, K. (2009). Time to switch to an online personal health record? Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.usanews.com Mohammod (2009). encyclopedia of Personal Health Records Paper Records. Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from wiki.patientsknowbest.com Personal Health RecordsPolicy Statements Adopted by the American College of Physicians. (2006). Retrieved March 10th, 2011, from www.acponline.org Personal Health Records Standards. (2010). Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.recordsforliving.com Sensmeier, J. E. (2010). Tech updatethe journey toward a personal health record. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.nursingcenter.com SentinelNewsService. (2009). Nurses Engineer lead efforts to radically change personal health records. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.lasentinel.net Shah, S., Kaelber, D., Adam, V., Pan, E., & Johnston, D. (2008). A Cost Model for Person al Health Records. Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.ncbi.nlm.hin.gov Torrey, T. (2010). Avoiding the consequences of medical identity theft. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.patients.about.com US dept. of Health and Human Services. (2010). Personal Health Records and Personal Health Records Systems. Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.nchs.hhs.gov Wikipedia. (n.d). Personal Health Records. Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from www.wikipedia.org