Zara and Reiss Comaparison Essay example - 1091 Words

After approaching a Reiss and Zara Store in Oxford circus, speaking to staff and doing some more research on the internet i have come to notice both ZARA and REISS are a growing profitable companies. When looking at REISS THE BRAND: Reiss a retailer of â€Å"own brand† quality fashion menswear and womenswear that established itself in London in 1970. The brand has become reorganized as a progressive, fashion-led retail company. Designing and producing own –label ranges it offers an aspirational look at affordable prices When looking at REISS THE STORE: All the retailing shops of Reiss are in the UK and one been in Ireland. Furthermore, Reiss has 28 wholly owned shops and 4 concessions in house of Fraser. These stores are chosen in price,†¦show more content†¦Money: The investments needed are affordable for REISS according to their financial statement. Portfolio Analysis: the product of Reiss is of high quality and good design combined with the store experience delivered throughout the store environment. Customer Analysis: Men and women aged 18-40 years who are style conscious, like good quality and good design products (clothing), also business people, because one of Reiss’s key activity is providing great suits. Strategic intent reality: †¢ Strategic intent: entering the Dutch market reaching the objective of the increase of international sales. †¢ Strategic reality: the reality is that the strategy is achievable. External Analysis- Opportunities for Reiss when dealing with their environment market that Reiss are aiming. †¢ Fashionable people: more and more people are becoming style conscious and this is a great opportunity for Reiss to attract and grab these potential buyers with Reiss’s affordable and quality products. †¢ Business people: Reiss has a excellent smart wear collection and is extremely popular with its customers. †¢ Wide communication network- a great opt to create brand awareness †¢ Economic crisis- the economic crisis is a great threat, because people are not spending a lot of money. Competitors Competitors are also a threat for Reiss because they have already a big

Biological Risk Factors Back Pain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(48) " symptoms occurs between the ages of 35 and 55\." Research and argument concerning low back hurting and work-related muscoskeletal upsets reflects the prevalent confusion and uncertainness about epidemiological rules every bit good as spreads in the scientific literature. However some surveies have done a great occupation at painting a clear image of the association of certain hazard factors with low back hurting. This paper reviews a figure of surveies that discuss the nexus between several hazard factors including fleshiness, physical burden, psychosocial factors and smoke and lower back hurting. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Risk Factors Back Pain Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reappraisal reveals assorted degrees of association between these hazard factors and lower back hurting and goes on to briefly highlight the findings and decisions of all the surveies reviewed in connexion with lower dorsum hurting. 1.0 Introduction With the morning of the twenty-first century, low back upsets are progressively going expensive due to their dearly-won medical attending. Direct medical costs from lower dorsum hurting in the United States entirely have been estimated to travel up to $ 90.6 billion annually.1 The status besides brings about non-financial deduction that have a significant impact non merely to the people enduring from lower dorsum hurting but besides to the economic system every bit good. Back pain-specific doomed production clip costs employers in the US an estimated $ 7.4 billion per twelvemonth among workers aged between 40 to 65 years.1 Thus bar and direction of lower dorsum hurting would cut down medical costs every bit good as improve lost production costs to employers. It is noted that, â€Å" Low back hurting is the taking cause of disablement. It occurs in similar proportions in all civilizations, interferes with the quality of life and work public presentation, and is the most common ground why people seek medical audiences. † On the other manus, â€Å" Acute back hurting is the most common presentation and is normally self-limiting, enduring less than three months irrespective of intervention. † Additionally, â€Å" chronic back hurting is a more hard job, which frequently has a strong psychological sheathing: work dissatisfaction, ennui, and a generous compensation system contribute to it. Among the diagnosings offered for chronic hurting is fibromyalgia, an urban status that does non differ materially from other cases of widespread chronic hurting. Although disc bulges detected on X ray are frequently blamed, they seldom are responsible for the hurting, and surgery is rarely successful at relieving it. † There are many si gnifiers of redress and direction options for lower dorsum hurting but surveies have non revealed any of them being outstanding and superior to others. Harmonizing to WHO Advisory Panel, â€Å" common result steps to be used to judge the efficaciousness of interventions for surveies. † 2Low back hurting can non be categorized as a disease or even a diagnostic entity. The term is merely used to depict hurting on an country of the organic structure that is so normally affected that it has become a paradigm of responses to external and internal stimulation. â€Å" The incidences and prevalence of low back hurting are approximately the same universe over ( Wherever epidemiological informations have been gathered or estimations made ) but such hurting ranks high as a cause of disablement and inability to work, as an intervention of the quality of life and as the cause for medical audiences. † 2 However, in many instances the cause of lower dorsum strivings is vague, and mer ely in minority of the instances does a direct nexus to some defined organic disease exist. There are many hazard factors that have been identified as related to trouble in the lower dorsum. Contrary to popular belief, the vertical position of worlds depends on the normal curvatures of the spine- such curvatures are non hence really the cause of lower dorsum hurting. Other factors such as fleshiness and gestation, which distort the curvature of the spinal column, can nevertheless ensue to endorse hurting. Some activities such as jogging and running on cement roads instead than clinker paths, heavy lifting, and prolonged sitting are other factors that can arouse lower back hurting. However, strong psychological factors besides play a function in lower dorsum hurting. There are a myriad of low back upset hazard factors, these are frequently classified into restrictive classs that include biomechanical, psychosocial and single hazard factors. Each of these groups of hazard factors has a huge measure of literature analyzing how specific hazard factors within the group relate to the hazard of lower dorsum upset. â€Å" Biomechanical hazard factors include such factors as lifting, bending, writhing, pushing/pulling, transporting heavy physical work, frequence, position and quiver. These have been good established in a batch of literature as factors for low dorsum upsets. † In order to pull off and forestall low dorsum upsets due to biomechanical exposures hazard factors, governments in most developed states have come up with threshold bound values based on recent biomechanical, psychophysical and epidemiological literature available. In the US this was done in 2001 by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ( ACGIH ) . Psychosocial hazard factors may impact the patients ‘ psychological response to their activities ( work ) and act upon the hazard of low dorsum upsets. For illustration, mental work load was associated with the hazard of low back hurting symptoms. In reviewed literature, a figure of research workers have found that increased work load more than doubles the odds of lower dorsum upset. It has besides been discovered that depending on personality type, psychosocially nerve-racking environments lead to increased musculus coactivity, which increases spinal burden and hazard of lower dorsum pain.2 From this background, it can be concluded that the psychosocial hazard factors play a really of import and complex function for occupationally related low back upsets. Individual hazard factors besides referred to as personal hazard factors such as age, gender, smoke, race and old ages of experience on occupation are biological elements that have long been established as hazard factors for low dorsum upsets. Review of epidemiological facet of low back hurting in industry reveals that maximal frequence of symptoms occurs between the ages of 35 and 55. You read "Biological Risk Factors Back Pain Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Older workers have been found to be more susceptible to high-cost back hurts than younger workers. Age fluctuation in the literature may be created by the cut cut-points in age classs every bit good as definitions of low back hurting or causes of lost clip ensuing from such hurting. The chief end of this reappraisal is to compare the assorted psychosocial and biological hazard factors that result to take down back upsets by exemplifying how the battalion of hazard factors within each group influence low back upset hazard. Most of the literature illustrates that each of the research workers has progressed within each group of hazard factors yet few research surveies have examined multiple groups. It is nevertheless hypothesized that each of the groups contributes to the overall hazard of low back upset. Consequently, the purpose of this reappraisal is to foreground the findings of each research with respect to psychosocial hazard factors and biological hazard factors in a comparative manner. The surveies in this reappraisal will be grouped harmonizing to the related hazard factors being examined. There are four major groups of hazard factors that will be examined in the reappraisal and these will include fleshiness, physical burden, psycho-social factors and smoking severally. However before reappraisal of these hazard factors the epidemiology and etiology of lower dorsum hurting will be examined foremost. 2.0 Consequences of Review Literature Search and Data Management This literature reappraisal involved the hunt of four electronic libraries. The hunt covered the period between A ­1999 to 2010 in order to place surveies measuring societal and biological hazard factors for low back hurting. The scheme employed in the hunt chiefly involved uniting major footings related to the subject including lower back hurting, muscoskeletal upsets, psychosocial hazard factors, biological hazard factors, and work. The footings besides included free text-words and capable headers specific to each database. The process was chiefly based on guidelines for effectual searching.1 Information from the â€Å" aid † subdivision of each database was besides used apart from audience with a medical bibliothec. Inclusion and exclusion standards In this reappraisal, muscoskeletal hurting or hurts non associating to the lower dorsum were non included. To be eligible, the articles had to: A survey of hazard factors or a hazard factor for low back hurting in the grownup population. It should hold been published within the last 10 old ages, which is between 2002 and 2012. The survey should describe statistically important association between hazard factor and lower back hurting. Be equal reviewed, published in English and published in full text. Case surveies and cross-sectional surveies were non included in this reappraisal as these designs are non ideal to place determiners of a wellness condition.3 these are more appropriate to measure casualty which is non the instance for this reappraisal. Screening procedure The reappraisal involved thorough â€Å" showing of the rubrics and abstracts of all identified commendations after which the full texts of the available and potentially eligible surveies were retrieved. The mention lists of all retrieved surveies were besides screened for extra relevant articles. † Evaluation procedure The methodological quality of the eligible surveies was evaluated in relation to whether they fulfilled the standards for intervention of casualty or nor, and how likely deceptive factors ( opportunity, prejudice, and confusing factors ) affected the consequences. The major standards applied in measuring a possible causal relationship included: strength of association, consistence between surveies, temporalty and coherency. Hazard factors were considered consistent if more than one survey reported their association with the result of involvement. â€Å" Coherence † means that an association is consistent with the natural history and biological science of the investigated upset. Literature Search and Evaluation Epidemiology: Survey 1 ( Seeking Care for Low Back Pain in the General Population4 ) The chief topic of this survey is care for low back hurting. The survey chiefly aimed to â€Å" look into different facets of low back and neck-shoulder hurting in the general working population. This survey was designed to be a population-based case-referent probe. † The research was designed as a 2-year followup survey conducted to look into new patients seeking attention for lower dorsum hurting from all the health professionals in a specific part which had a population of about 17,000 work forces and adult females aged between 20 and 59 old ages. This was aimed at depicting care-seeking behaviour for low back hurting in the general population described. The methodological analysis of the survey involved aggregation of informations on personal, medical, and occupational history from all the patients traveling through a clinical examination4. The survey chiefly focused on look intoing different facets of lower dorsum hurting and neck-shoulder hurting. The survey characterizes hurting, disablement, and ill leave tendencies among the patients involved every bit good as analyzing forecasters of recovery. In add-on the survey besides focused on happening a simple manner of sorting low back hurting in the epidemiological surveies as an appropriate intercession. The primary consequences of this survey indicated that whereas about 50 % of the patients went to doctors and physical therapists for intervention, the staying 50 % went to health professionals. The survey farther reported that some betterments in hurting and disablement were reported by patients after 3 months, but after that non many other betterments were reported. The consequences from the follow-up period showed that about 70 % of the attention searchers had non gone for ill leave in the follow-up period4. Further, attention seeking during this period was non associated with decreased hurting disablement. The survey did non happen any prognostic factors for recovery and the survey gathered gave information about hurting distribution that was more or less similar to that found in other clinical scrutinies. The strength of this survey is that it involved a big community and a big figure of respondents to be examined therefore cut downing the degrees of prejudice and increasing the assurance degrees of the findings. However the survey had the chief failing of this survey is that its general liability may be challenged because of its restriction to merely one part. Etiology: Survey 1 ( Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Epidemiology and Genetic Influences5 ) The chief topic of this survey is lumbar disc devolution. The survey begins by giving the general definition of epidemiology saying that it refers to the survey of happening rates. It is these happening rates that this survey focuses on every bit far as lumbar phonograph record devolution ( which is a major cause of lower dorsum hurting ) is concerned. The survey is fundamentally designed as a literature reappraisal. It involved a elaborate reappraisal of literature conducted on the prevalence of disc devolution. The reappraisal was followed by summarisation of the documents reviewed with peculiar accent on surveies of familial influences. The reappraisal fundamentally involved treatment of the rubrics, methods and consequences of each research in the documents reviewed followed by presentation of the findings as a sum-up. This survey focused on synthesising the scientific literature on the prevalence of lumbar phonograph record devolution and factors associated with its happening, these included familial influences. The ultimate purpose was to roll up an stock list of all factors associated with lumbar phonograph record devolution by assorted surveies. The chief primary consequences of this reappraisal included coverage of utmost fluctuations in the reported prevalence of specific degenerative findings of the lumbar spinal column among surveies. It was revealed that these utmost fluctuations can non be explained wholly by age or other identifiable age factors. The survey indicates that from the findings, it is likely that these fluctuations are due, in great portion, to incompatibilities in instance definitions and measurings, which are impending research on the epidemiology of lumbar phonograph record devolution. The reappraisal besides revealed that research conducted in the past 10 old ages has resulted to improved apprehension of the etiology of disc devolution. It farther indicated that although antecedently, heavy physical burden was identified as the major hazard factor ensuing to devolution of the phonograph record, consequences of exposure-discordant monozygotic and duplicate surveies indicated that physical lading ensuing from work and athleticss plays a comparatively little function in disc devolution, beyond that of positions and everyday activities of day-to-day life. The chief strength of this survey is that it reviews the findings of several surveies that have been carried out on the lumbar phonograph record devolution and therefore it draws from a good deepness of scientific findings to make its decisions and avoids prejudice. The major failing though is that the assorted surveies reviewed had different designs and this did non aim a specific group of the society, this makes the consequences a spot inconsistent and undependable for a specific age group or business group. Etiology: Survey 2 ( Body Weight and Low Back Pain6 ) This survey is a â€Å" systematic literature reappraisal of 56 journal articles describing on 65epidemiologic surveies. The chief aim of the reappraisal of literature is to set up if there is a â€Å" existent association between organic structure weight and low back hurting ( LBP ) and whether the nexus is causal. † The design of the survey involves as systematic reappraisal of the epidemiologic literature. The chief focal point or intercession of this reappraisal was to transport out an probe into whether there is grounds of a definite association between the organic structure weight and LBP in the epidemiologic literature reviewed. Apart from that, the reappraisal besides aimed to analyze whether there is grounds for causality, utilizing Bradford Hill ‘s classical standards which entail strength of association, dose-response relationship, temporalty, reversibility of symptoms, and consistence of findings.6 differences in survey result were besides sought for several other factors. The consequences of the reappraisal were fundamentally that â€Å" 32 per centum of all the surveies that were reviewed reported a statistically important positive weak association between organic structure weight and LBP. â€Å" Further, surveies that fulfilled the â€Å" station hoc standards ne’er report a rate ratio of above 2 ; but there is ever a possibility of a positive biological gradient. † Apart from that the reappraisal besides found out that the surveies had no information on temporalty or reversibility of and therefore there was no obvious consistence of findings. Therefore based on the findings, â€Å" the survey concluded that due to miss of grounds, organic structure weight should be considered a possible weak hazard index, nevertheless it besides pointed out that there was deficient informations to measure if it was a true cause of LBP. † This is an evidently strong reappraisal into the relationship between low back hurting and organic structure weigh because it is based on the reappraisal of a big figure of surveies. The figure of surveies used and the instances they cover offer the reappraisal a big border of assurance about the findings. The outstanding failing is that the reappraisal examines a big figure of surveies but offers a instead shallow sum of findings, deficiency of limitation to a few outstanding factors makes the decision of the survey a spot excessively broad. Fleshiness: Survey 1 ( Is Obesity Overrated as a â€Å" Risk Factor † for Poor Outcomes in Chronic Occupational Spinal Disorders? 7 ) The chief topic of this survey is scrutiny of the function of fleshiness as a possible hazard factor taking to moo back hurting in chronic work-related spinal upsets. The survey subject suggests that the survey is nearing fleshiness as a perchance overrated hazard factor and seeks to happen out if that is true. The chief focal point of the survey is on the possible function of fleshiness as a hazard factor in those patients holding chronic work related spinal upsets that are merely at the beginning of a Restoration plan. Spinal upsets are closely associated with lower dorsum hurting. The survey utilized an extended study affecting subdivision of the sample population into groups and utilizing telephone interviews to transport out post-rehabilitation study. The whole procedure involved appraisal of patients ‘ pre-intervention and post-intervention utilizing questionnaires validated and designed several facets associating to take down back hurting. The primary consequences of this survey indicated that there was a high prevalence of fleshiness in the population that was surveyed with merely 22 % of the patients being ‘normal ‘ ( BMI lt ; 25 ) . Over 43 % of the patients were corpulent ( BMI gt ; 30 ) . The findings besides revealed a important tendency for bit by bit diminishing figure of males as fleshiness increased. Significant degrees of high blood pressure were besides progressively associated with fleshiness. The survey nevertheless indicated the deficiency of important differences in the location of hurt or continuance of disablement among the groups investigated. There were besides no important differences in all the socioeconomic results. From these findings, the survey concluded that fleshiness indicated more prevalence and badness in chronic upsets of the spinal column related to work at the concluding phase of long intervention in the functional Restoration plan. It besides indicated that fleshiness is non an independent hazard factor in the instance of socioeconomic affecting work position, extra wellness use, or perennial hurt claims. Fleshiness: Survey 2 ( Low Back Pain and Lifestyle. â€Å" Part II- Obesity: Information from a Population-based Sample of 29,424 Twin Subjects8 ) † This survey focuses on the relationship between low back hurting and life style with fleshiness being the chief facet related to lifestyle under probe. The survey recognizes the big figure of epidemiological surveies refering fleshiness but acknowledges the deficiency of lucidity about whether fleshiness and low back hurting are positively associated. Therefore the chief focal point of the survey is to find whether fleshiness is associated with low back hurting and if so, â€Å" whether the association is causal. The design of this survey involved a cross-sectional postal study. The fact that the survey involved information from a population-based sample of over 20 nine thousand duplicate topics well increases the cogency of its consequences. The application of twin topics besides strengthens the consequences more than if twins would non hold been used because each twin acts as a control experiment to the spouse. The chief failing of the survey lies in the period at which the inform ation was collected. The mark population included Danish twins born between 1953 and 1982. This is a period in which fleshiness was non a existent issue in society and hence the consequences may non reflect the existent association between fleshiness and lower back hurting in the present clip particularly in states where fleshiness is chronic like the USA. Fleshiness: Survey 3 ( Effect of fleshiness and low back hurting on spinal mobility: a cross sectional survey in women9 ) The chief topic in this survey is the consequence of fleshiness and low back hurting in spinal mobility as indicated in the rubric. The survey focuses on a cross subdivision of adult females. The chief focal point of the survey is to use a cross subdivision of adult females in the nonsubjective appraisal of the position and map of the spinal column during standing, flexure and sidelong bending in corpulent topics with and without chronic lower back hurting and to look into the function of fleshiness in chronic lower back hurting. The designed utilised in this survey is a cross-section. The survey involves 13 corpulent topics, 13 corpulent topics with chronic lower back hurting and 11 wellness topics. Chiefly, the survey revealed that fleshiness was characterized by a by and large reduced ROM of the spinal column, due to a reduced mobility at both the pelvic and pectoral degree ; a inactive postural version with an increased front tooth pelvic joust. The survey besides revealed that fleshiness with chronic lower back hurting is associated with an increased degree of lumbar hollow-back. It was besides found out from the survey that in sidelong bending, fleshiness with chronic lower back hurting is associated with a reduced ROM of the lumbar and pectoral spinal column, whereas fleshiness on its ain appears to impact merely the thoracic curve. From the findings, the survey concluded that those persons with chronic lower back hurting showed higher grade of spinal damage when compared to those without chronic lower back hurting. The chief strength of the survey is that it uses three groups of adult females, those enduring fleshiness, those corpulent but with chronic lower back hurting and those without both. This acts as a really strong footing for comparing and mostly validates the findings. However the chief failing is that the findings may non be applied to work forces because they can be challenged on the footing of basic physiological differences between the two genders. Physical burden: Survey 1 ( Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Epidemiology and Genetic Influences ) The chief topic in this survey is the epidemiology and familial influences of lumbar phonograph record devolution. The survey focuses on the synthesis of scientific literature on the prevalence of lumbar phonograph record devolution and factors associated with its happening, including familial influences. The survey is a literature reappraisal. After reappraisal of a figure of the literature on a figure of researches, the survey revealed that there are utmost fluctuations in the reported prevalence of specific degenerative findings of the lumbar spinal column among surveies. The findings revel farther that this devolution can non be explained wholly by age or other identifiable hazard factors. It is pointed out that there is the likeliness of these fluctuations ensuing in great portion, from incompatibilities in instance definitions and measurings which are impending research on the epidemiology of disc devolution. The survey, like another one discussed earlier, points out that antecedently, heavy physical burden was the hazard factor chiefly suspected for disc devolution but that consequences of exposure-discordant monozygotic and authoritative twin surveies indicated that physical burden ensuing from activities associating to work or feature play a really little function in devolution of the phonograph record beyond that of unsloped positions and everyday activities carried out in day-to-day life. The survey farther revels that research carried out late points to a great function of heredity in disc devolution, explicating the 74 % of the discrepancy in grownup populations studied to day of the month. Physical burden: Survey 3 ( Biomechanics of Increased Exposure to Lumbar Injury Caused by Cyclic Loading11 ) The chief topic of this survey is to analyze the biomechanics associating to increase in exposure to hurts impacting the lumbar ensuing from cyclic burden. The survey chiefly focuses on musculus stableness recovery with remainder. The research design applied in the survey was experimental. This involved usage of an electromyography to enter the responses from the lumbar multifidus of a cat in vivo. The survey chiefly focused on finding the rate at which automatic muscular stableness would be recovered during remainder after initiation of viscoelastic laxness ensuing from 50 proceedingss of cyclic burden. The consequences of the survey show that the loss of automatic muscular stabilizing activity induced by the laxness developed in the viscoelastic constructions by 50 proceedingss of cyclic burden was recovered 20 % to 255 at the terminal of a 10-minute remainder. Further minor recovery of 5 % to 10 % occurred in about 20 or 30 proceedingss clip, and an extra 1 % to 2 % recovery was observed after 2hours of remainder. The response loads ensuing from electromyography activity were increasing at a really slow rate afterwards. Complete recovery did non happen in the 2-hour remainder period. Physical burden: Survey 4 ( Disc Height and Signal Intensity of the Nucleus Pulposus on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Indexs of Lumbar Disc Degeneration12 ) The topic of this survey is chiefly the survey of lumbar phonograph record devolution with the usage of magnetic resonance imagination. The survey utilizes an experimental design whereby magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) is applied in the cross-sectional survey of how the lumbar spinal column perverts. The research involves scrutiny of a sum of 41 workers runing machines, 41 carpenters working in building sites, and 46 churchmans working in office, all these aged between 4o to 45 old ages, 22 pupils aged between 18 and 20 old ages are besides examined. All the scrutinies are carried out utilizing sagittal magnetic resonance imagination. From the survey it was revealed that immature workers recorded the lowest highs of phonograph record while exhibiting the highest strengths of signal. The phonograph record height recordings bit by bit increased from the workers making sedentary work ( office ) to the 1s transporting out more physical activities at all phonograph record degrees. It was further revealed that the comparative strength if the signal indicated diminishing phonograph record tallness in all workers at all signal degrees. In additive mold, the strength of the signal in relation to the businesss, in mention to the immature pupils, showed a important consequence on phonograph record tallness. The findings led to the decision that â€Å" comparative signal strength was lower in the middle-aged work forces than in the immature work forces, bespeaking age related disc devolution. Despite the general positive association between phonograph record narrowing and reduced comparative signal strength, disc contracting may act out of the blue in relation to signal strength and age. Therefore, signal strength may be a more sensitive step of disc devolution. † The strength of this survey is that it presents a good method for the survey of disc devolution. The findings aid to foreground the importance of magnetic resonance imagination and peculiarly signal strength as a method of mensurating disc devolution. This is really of import towards the direction of low back hurting as disc devolution is one of the major causes. Smoke: Survey 1 ( Effect of Nicotine on Spinal Disc Cells: A Cellular Mechanism for Disc Degeneration13 ) The chief topic in this survey is how nicotine affects spinal phonograph record cells. The survey investigates cellular mechanism in which disc decomposition can happen with the influence of nicotine. This survey is designed as an experimental probe with the purpose of finding the consequence of nicotine on the intervertebral spinal phonograph record karyon pulposus ( NP ) cells cultured in vitro. The survey aims to measure the effects of nicotine on cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and viability of NP cells in 3-dimensional alginate concepts cultured in vitro. The survey carried this out through research lab experiments using civilized bovine chondrocytic interverterbral phonograph record cells. The findings of this survey revealed that â€Å" there was both a dosage and time-dependent response to nicotine, with concepts cultured in low-nicotine concentration media showing an early addition in DNA, GAG, and collagen content, while concepts cultured in high nicotine concentration media demonstrated a late lessening in these parametric quantities. † Immunochemistry revealed the â€Å" presence of type I collagen on the extracellular matrix instead than the normal type II collagen seen in the controls. † In decision the survey observed that nicotine has an overall damaging consequence on NP phonograph record cells cultured in vitro. There was important suppression of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. It was besides concluded that nicotine in baccy may hold a function in pathogenesis of disc devolution. The chief strength of this survey is that it reveals scientific consequences utilizing existent research lab experiments which were able to associate nicotine straight with disc devolution. This besides shows that ingestion of nicotine is associated with lower dorsum hurting. The lone failing is that the usage of bovid intervertebral phonograph record cells may non supply the same consequences as if existent human cells were applied therefore go forthing room for uncertainty. Smoke: Survey 2 ( Smoking and Low Back Pain14 ) This survey involved the literature reappraisal of 41 journal articles describing 47 epidemiologic surveies. The chief topic of the survey was to seek and set up the nexus of smoke and low back hurting by reexamining journal articles affecting surveies that have been carried out about the same. The survey design fundamentally involved a systematic reappraisal of the epidemiologic literature on smoke and low back hurting. The chief focal point and aim of the survey was to set up whether smoking consequences to moo back hurting and whether surcease of smoking reduces the incidence and/or prevalence of low back hurting. Basically, the 41 original research studies that presented 47 surveies, all of them published between 1974 and 1996 were reviewed. The chief focal point of the reappraisal was proving the strength of association, dose response correlativity, temporalty, decrease of symptoms with smoke surcease, and consistence of findings. The presence of positive findings was viewed in visible radiation of the definition of low back hurting. The consequences of the reappraisal revealed that there was no consistence of statistically important positive associations between smoking and low back hurting. The association, when nowadays, was normally weak and clearly evident merely in big survey samples. The reappraisal showed that no other survey features had an consequence on the frequence of positive associations. In position of these, extra analyses were performed on surveies with big samples. In general, these did non incorporate consistent positive findings in relation to dose-response, temporalty, or reversibility. The decision was made that soon, smoking should be considered a weak hazard indictor and non a cause of low back hurting. The strength of this survey lies in the fact that reappraisal of a big sample of surveies analyzing the relationship between smoke and lower back hurting produces consequences that attract greater assurance. Psychosocial factors: Systematic Review of Psychosocial Factors at Work and Private Life as Risk Factors for Back Pain15 The chief topic of this survey was reappraisal of psychosocial factors moving as hazard factors for back hurting either at place or at work. The design of the survey entails a systematic reappraisal of experimental surveies. The chief purpose of the survey was to measure whether psychosocial factors at work every bit good as in private life are risk factors for the happening of back hurting. The method applied involved a computerized bibliographical hunt of databases restricted to surveies with a cohort or case-control design. The survey revealed that there was strong grounds for low societal support in the workplace and low occupation satisfaction as hazard factors for back hurting. The survey did non happen sufficient grounds for a an consequence on a high work topographic point, high qualitative demands, low occupation content, low occupation control, and psychosocial factors in private life. In decision the survey pointed out that grounds was found for an consequence of low workplace societal support and low occupation satisfaction. Based on the reappraisal, there is grounds for an consequence of work-related psychosocial factors, but grounds for the function of specific factors has non been established yet. 3.0 Decision The systematic reappraisal carried out on the assorted surveies in this paper confirm a plausible causal relationships between some normally reported hazard factors such as high biomechanical and psychosocial demands, smoke, high organic structure mass index, and the presence of co-morbidities. The consequences of recent longitudinal surveies have confirmed some of the findings in the old reappraisals that have evaluated causal relationships between the hazard factors and specific types of Work Related Muscoskeletal Disorders ( WMSD ) . This reappraisal besides highlights the scarce grounds sing some of the often reported hazard factors for lower dorsum hurting. It is of import to underscore that the deficiency of grounds for a causal relationship between factors and low back hurting does non needfully uncover that the factor is non a hazard, but points out that farther probe is required. Factors do non necessitate surveies demoing that they are so hazards in order to impact musculoskeletal wellness. Similarly, the factors reported more often are non needfully the 1s with the highest degree of grounds showing their causal relationship with work low back hurting. Finally, the hazard factors showing a specific degree of grounds associated with them are non the lone 1s that should be considered ; they are merely the 1s that have already been tested. In visible radiation of this decision, future research and possible practical application of the findings is proposed. How to cite Biological Risk Factors Back Pain Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Recent Art Acquisitions in American Public Collections Essay Example For Students

Recent Art Acquisitions in American Public Collections Essay From Albrecht Duirers work, says Arthur M. Hind, we ob tain an increased sense of the beauty and dignity of life, and the restlessness of thought and uncer tainty of artistic dogma and convention so common at the present time could find no better antidote than the balanced style and intense conviction that char acterizes Duirers engraved work. The Junius Spencer Morgan collection of Duirers etchings and engravings which has ranked as one of the worlds finest Duirer collections, private or public, has come as a permanent acquisition to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Diurer section of the Museums print collection is now complete and it ranks with the famous collections of the British Museum in London, the Albertina in Vienna, the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris and the new museum in Berlin. The Metropolitan Duirers are of the finest quality comprising first states in con dition seldom seen. For some thirty years Mr. Morgan was unceasing in his search for the finest impre ssions of prints by Durer. There has never been a more indefatigable and determined a collector. The remarkable Theodore Irwin and George W. Vanderbilt collections were bought by Mr. Morgan en bloc and many were the   Durer treasures therein which added to the extent and importance of the Morgan collection. The supremely rare St.   Jerome and the Holy Family are but two of the prints which are worth a pilgrimage to view. As an engraver, says Hind, Duirer worked directiy on the copper, but in the case ot his woodcuts, it is fairly certain that he was only responsible for the draw ing ot the design on the block. The block-cutters in Dutrers day were ot a different- class to the engraver and gold smith,, and their work was so much a mere matter of faithful translation of the lines, that the mechanical factor of cutting on the wood was of very secondary importance. In fact, with woodcuts in which there is any complexity of design, I fee that the artist wouid sacrifice spon- taneity if he were to submit to the drud- gery of clearing away the negative parts of the  design. . . . The early work is essentially Gothic in its tendency to the pointed and angular, the direct offspring of the style of his master, Wohlgemut and the artistic entourage of his native town. . . . Durer always remained a true Nuremberger at heart, but, like Rem- brandt, he was susceptible to the best influences of Italian art in relation to form, spacing and composition. He grad- ally freed himself from the mediaeval ‘fantasy, devoid of form and foundation,’ which disfigured his early work as it does much of the Fifteenth century engraving north of the Alps. And he managed to ennoble his art by an appreciation and adoption ot Italian standards of form and beauty without falling a victim to their more local and superficial qualities.† (Albrecht Durer, Great Engraver’s Series, Edited by Arthur M. Hind.)

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essays (1230 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights By Bronte In Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights the idea compensation for love lost is discussed. Wuthering Heights is a quiet house in the country where the Earnshaw's and Heathcliff live. Heathcliff loves Catherine Earnshaw very much but, she decides to marry another man, Edgar. Heathcliff marries Edgar's sister just to make Catherine jealous. At the end Heathcliff abandons his plan for vengeance and professes his love for Catherine only to see her die soon after. In the novel Wuthering Heights Bronte shows that revenge is not the key to happiness through irony, through plot, and through characterization. Irony is used over and over in the novel Wuthering Heights to express the notion of revenge. The main ironic incident in this novel is that no one ends up with the person they want to be with despite the fact that they can be with the one they love. For example Catherine loves Heathcliff. Catherine and Heathcliff are soul mates, and she even remarks to Nelly that, ? I [Catherine] am Heathcliff!? (142). She is angry at Heathcliff for not leaving sooner to make something of himself. Catherine could have had Heathcliff, but she chooses not to and ends up miserable. Another example of irony is that Heathcliff and Isabella do not love each other. Heathcliff thinks that he is with Isabella to get back at Catherine. He sees Isabella as an unsuspecting ?young lady?(91). However, Isabella married Heathcliff for spite. She resents the fact that her Catherine married her brother and wanted to get back at Catherine. Neither Isabella nor Heathcliff find happiness in each others arms, and they both die miserable and unsatisfied with each other. The fact that Edgar wants to get back at Heathcliff after Catherine's death is very ironic. Edgar won. Catherine marries him and not Heathcliff. Edgar is always jealous of Heathcliff. Before Catherine's demise Edgar tells her that, ?It is impossible for you to be my friend and his at the same time? (99). When Catherine does not p. 3 respond to this Edgar goes on to tell her, ?I absolutely require you to choose? (100). When Catherine does die Edgar seeks revenge. He knows that Catherine died of a broken heart torn between Edgar and Heathcliff. Edgar in a ranting rage tells Nelly, ?I'll crush his ribs in like a rotten hazel nut?(158). He seeks vengeance on Heathcliff, but never gets it. A final example of irony is with Heathcliff and Hindly. A few years after Hindly condemns Heathcliff to a life of servitude Heathcliff runs off and makes a living. He comes back a wealthy and proper man. Heathcliff helps Hindly out of debt. However, Hindly owes so much money to Heathcliff that Heathcliff takes Wuthering Heights from Hindly. So, just when Hindly thinks that he got back at Heathcliff for ruining his life Heathcliff takes his revenge and lets Hindly died a poor, miserable old man. The plot in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights reflects the concept of revenge. Mr. Earnshaw meets a poor boy on one of his trips. Because Mr. Earnshaw is such a ?capital fellow?(9) he takes pity on the boy, Heathcliff, and invites him to live with the Earnshaw's. Mr. Earnshaw has an alterior motive for the boy. He wants his children, Hindly and Catherine, to understand what it is like to share their wealth with someone who is less fortunate than themselves. Mr. Earnshaw figured that the children would learn and grow from this experience. The truth is that the children did not. Hindly grows up miserable and resentful of Heathchiff. And Catherine eventually turned her nose up to Heathcliff only to find that she is cheerless without him. The novel takes a turn when Catherine has to decide whether or not to marry Edgar. She knows that she has ?no more business marrying Edgar Linton than I [Catherine] have to be in heaven? (64). Yet Catherine marries Edgar anyway for p. 4 wealth, but more importantly revenge. She wants to get back at Heathcliff for never making something of himself. But at the end Catherine is the one who suffers. Heathcliff desires Linton and Cathy to be wed. This plan is curtailed by Edgar. Cathy falls in love with Linton and tells Edgar. When Edgar finds out he says, ?No one from Wuthering Heights shall come here? (224). Edgar does this for revenge. He does not want Heathcliff or anyone to be happy. At the end he is Edgar is the one who is not happy even though he thought he got the

Concept of Blame and Responsibility

Concept of Blame and Responsibility Crises occur due to poor preparedness and control mechanisms. The drama of blaming and accountability begins whenever a crisis occurs. Somebody will have to receive the blame for allowing a disaster or crisis to happen. The public will blame another person(s) for failing to manage the crisis. Such individuals will blame their partners for the crisis. Many leaders and governments are the leading targets for these blame games.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Concept of Blame and Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This analysis presents the concept of blame. Leaders must also negotiate the existing disagreement after a disaster. They should do so by restoring the faith of every stakeholder. Leaders must support the existing political and institutional structures. This situation forces leaders to navigate a responsibility-accepting position that will promote policy-oriented learning. Some leaders will navigate a responsibility-denying stance in order to deflect the blame1. The concept of blame and responsibility explains how leaders negotiate and address different crises. Some factors will definitely influence the way human beings allocate blame. The first factor is the extent to which individuals attribute blame for mismanagement or malpractice. The leadership styles embraced by those in power will determine how the public allocates the blame2. The manner in which such leaders respond to problems also influence the way people allocate the blame. The continued use of ineffective management strategies will also increase the level of blame. Leaders should use appropriate strategies in order to overcome every attribution error. The first strategy is forging the most appropriate pathway. Managers can cooperate with the public depending on the nature of the blame. Politicians can also acknowledge responsibility in order to get the public’s approval. Individuals can also re sign in order to secure the confidence of the people. Public reactions should also be credible, acceptable, and adequate3. Policymakers can use new investigations in order to understand the targeted issue much better. A stronger justification of the crisis will overcome different attribution errors. The leadership strategy of a person will determine the success of every crisis management practice.Advertising Looking for critical writing on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Boin, Arjen, and Paul’t Hart. â€Å"Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible.† Public Administration Review 63, no, 5 (2003): 544-553. Boin, Arjen, Paul’t Hart, Allan McConnel, and Thomas Preston. â€Å"Leadership Style, Crisis Response and Blame Management: The Case of Hurricane Katrina.† Public Administration 88, no. 3 (2010): 706-723. Hart, Paul’t, Liesbet Heyse , and Arjen Boin. â€Å"Guest Editorial Introduction New Trends in Crisis Management Practice and Crisis Management Research: Setting the Agenda.† Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9, no. 4 (2001): 181-188. Footnotes 1 Arjen Boin and Paul’t Hart, â€Å"Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible,† Public Administration Review 63, no, 5 (2003): 545. 2 Paul’t Hart, Liesbet Heyse, and Arjen Boin, â€Å"Guest Editorial Introduction New Trends in Crisis Management Practice and Crisis Management Research: Setting the Agenda,† Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9, no. 4 (2001): 184. 3 Arjen Boin et al., â€Å"Leadership Style, Crisis Response and Blame Management: The Case of Hurricane Katrina,† Public Administration 88, no. 3 (2010): 706-723.

Blood clots Essay Example for Free

Blood clots Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Blood clots are also known as the thrombus which is the result of blood coagulation step in hemostasis. Blood clots are formed through platelets’ aggression which makes a platelet plug and the stimulation of the humoral coagulation system. Blood clots noted as a pathologic in terms of thrombosis but then it is physiologic in terms of injury. Thrombus signifies blood clotting in the intact blood vessels. It is a big blood vessel that reduces blood flow via that vessel. Moreover, in the case of small blood vessel, the blood movement might totally stop which may cause death of tissue which provided by the said vessel. If the thrombus extricates and turns out to be free-floating, it becomes an embolus. There are several conditions in which blood clots form which involve atrial fibrillation which is a cardiac arrhythmia’s formation, heart valve replacement, extension periods of inactivity, a previous heart attack and genetic inadequacies (see â€Å"Thrombus†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. October 11, 2006). Blood clots’ preventions may decrease the possibility of pulmonary embolism, heart attack and stroke. Warfarin and heparin are frequently used to slow and restrain formation and progress of prevailing blood clots which permit our body to decrease and suspend the blood clots by means of usual methods. A thrombus is distinct from haematoma by means of: >being non-laminar >being elastic and brittle > has a high haematocrit >lacks of circulation (see â€Å"Thrombus†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. October 11, 2006). The purposes of this study are to: (1) know what blood clots are; (2) be aware on how blood clots do form and; (3) learn how blood clots treated. II. Discussion A. About Blood Clots If the blood vessels are destroyed, the lack of blood from the system should be suspended before â€Å"shock† occurs and may possibly leads patient’s death. It is achieved through the blood’s solidification and the said process is termed as coagulation or clotting. Blood clots comprise of a plug of platelets entangled in a group of insoluble fibrin molecules (see â€Å"Blood Clotting†. June 4, 2005). Moreover, blood clots are the misery and pest of the existence of human beings. The can create strokes and heart attacks and they suspend blood supply to an individual’s legs. Many physicians denote this process as thrombosis. Several scientists have extensive researched for a period of time regarding the vascular biology which has an intention to stop thrombosis and cure its consequences yet it continuously serves as a culprit for death causes. Approximately in the past five years, the Mayo cardiovascular researchers continually widened their investigations regarding the vascular biology after they found out that thrombosis formed through interaction of cells exist in the vessel wall and in the circulation of the bloodstream. Dr. Simari stated that: â€Å"The major focus of our lab is to understand the biological process that narrows blood vessels, both in arthrosclerosis and in re- stenosis. Our aim is to take the biological clues that we learn from our research and use them to generate biological markers and treatments that can predict, prevent and treat thrombosis at the site of vascular injury (see â€Å"The Biology of Blood Clots†. Mayo Clinic’s Online Research Magazine. 2006). In addition, the blood clots develop even if an individual does not experience injury. Even though majority of the blood clots have a tendency to suspend, there are circumstances in which blood clots can create medical dilemmas. Blood clots turn out to be risky if they block blood movement via artery or vein. If the blood clot prevents or deters the blood movement to an artery in the brain or heart, it may lead to stroke or heart attack. Blood clots can deter, too, the veins and arteries in our entire body which cause illnesses like varicose veins to serious pulmonary embolism. The picture below illustrates the formation of blood clot (see â€Å"Blood Clots†. HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). B. How blood clots do form? The cells which line inside the layer of blood vessel becomes injured which is instigated by a wound. The blood platelets automatically go directly to the injured area and connect themselves with the intention to close of the wound. Look at the picture below (see â€Å"How do blood clots form? March 11, 2004). Platelets clump together and the clothing process begins The platelets discharge a chemical substance which draw and bring together more platelets to the injured area. In the meantime, other substances are mix with platelets to create and develop a blood clot. This process is named as coagulation. Fibrin is released. Fibrin describes as a thread-like protein which aids the stabilization of the clot in the blood vessel. The picture below shows how blood clot forms and fibrin stabilizes clot (see â€Å"How do blood clots form? March 11, 2004). Additionally, blood clot can be developed too through gradual increase of plaque inside the artery-an example for this is the atherosclerosis- or other illnesses. Any vein or artery may possibly experience and form blood clots inside our body which include the coronary arteries that provide the heart with blood, the arteries which provide the brain with blood-an example for this is the carotid arteries, and the veins in the legs. As mentioned earlier, blood clots can also be dangerous if will it develop inside in any of these arteries: ? The pulmonary artery passes through from the heart to the lungs. Obstruction in this artery is named as a pulmonary embolism and may create a great damage in the lungs and in several circumstances, may lead to death. This is because of the abnormal heart pulse which is termed as atrial fibrillation or through a peripheral venous disorder inside the veins of the legs-an example is the deep vein thrombosis. ? One of the coronary arteries that can be found on the heart’s surface and provide the heart muscle with new, oxygen-rich blood. The obstruction of the coronary arteries may possibly cause a heart attack. In this condition, blood clots normally develop as a reaction to the plaque rupture that happens if a plaque piles up inside the coronary artery fractures’ wall, which initiate blood clotting. ? The carotid arteries that is located in the neck and provide the brain with oxygen-rich blood. Obstruction may possibly initiate a stroke-an example for this is the transient ischemic attack. ? The femoral artery which is located in the leg. Obstruction may instigate pain like claudication, absence of color’s area, weakness and when this is not cured, infection like gangrene and tissue death like necrosis. An artery can be located in the abdomen. Obstruction may create diarrhea, vomiting or pain (â€Å"Blood Clots†. HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). C. how blood clots treated Several physicians cure blood clots with several procedures. Treatments like anticoagulants that aid to prevent blood clots and clot busters that aid to suspend blood clots. In some serious circumstances, physicians may possibly decide to use for a catheter-based procedure which utilize a long, thin tube named as catheter or even decide for a surgery to take off the clot-thrombectomy. Moreover, there are maybe devices that need to be implanted in particular blood vessels in order to catch blood clots before there will be more injury happened (see â€Å"Blood Clots†. HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). C. 1 Treatment options for blood clots The option in treating blood clots is a case to case basis whether the clot has developed in an artery or a vein and creates stroke or heart attack. During emergencies, thrombolytic treatments-clot busters- may possibly used to suspend the blood clot. These treatments are applied to some selected patients in accordance to an extensive protocol. In order to be efficient, they are provided no less than one hour of the heart attack or in three hours of the stroke. Thrombolytics are normally applied when there are huge clots which cause severe and life-threatening signs. These can create abrupt and unexpected bleeding. There are many invasive methods that can also be used. One of these is the catheter-directed thrombolysis. It is a method which the catheter proc\vides thrombolytic enzymes straight to the blood clot. Throughout this process, greater enzymes’ concentrations could be utilized and may possibly have lesser side effects compared when the enzymes are supplied subcutaneously no less than two days. Thrombolytic method is followed by a treatment that has anticoagulants to stop more blood clots from formation. Anticoagulants could be advised to patients that have great risk of a blood clot. Researchers are really trying very hard to different catheter-based procedures to cure stroke rapidly. One of the experimental procedures which included is the use of a tiny â€Å"corkscrew† device which rapidly reverses the injury created by a stroke. The said device is directed to where the blood clot is; where it removes the obstruction. Another procedure depends on a special laser catheter which utilizes light energy to suspend rapidly the blood clot. These latest therapies can be accessible to a patient that cannot bear clot-busting drugs (see â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). Furthermore, when a blood clot develops in a leg vein, there is a risk that a pulmonary embolism will form. A pulmonary embolism may possibly be a life-threatening in which blood clots break away from its location and passes through the bloodstream and stay in one of the blood vessels of the lungs. To avoid and stop a pulmonary embolism, the present blood clots in the legs may cured with a mixture of heat, thrombolytics, painkilling treatments, elevation of the injured area to lessen swelling and anticoagulants. This procedure relies on the clot’s size and the seriousness of any current symptoms. When a patient does not react to anticoagulants, the physicians will decide for a process which uses a catheter having a special device named as vena cava filter. The vena cava filter is inserted in the large vein which transports blood from the legs up to the heart and lungs (vena cava). Additionally, the vena cava filter is a kind of a device which catches blood clots within the vein before the blood clots are permitted to reach the lungs. However, there are several danger related with vena cava filters which comprise failure of the filter in terms of time and blood clots created by means of it. Many researchers really work on in improving the vena cava filters which can be withdrawn right after the medication of pulmonary embolism. There are researches that substantiated and confirmed that treatment in a longer period of time along with a low-does anticoagulant drugs aids in stopping the presence of blood clots amongst those patients who have background of vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (see â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). C. 2 Diagnosis methods There are several ways on how to diagnose blood clots. It starts with a medical background and physical test. When there is suspension of clot, several of examinations are utilized to substantiate the diagnosis and these include Doppler ultrasound, CAT scan and MRI: *Doppler ultrasound pertains to an imaging technology which utilizes sound or motion waves to give visual images of the structure and of several blood vessels and organs in our body (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). * CAT scan refers to computer axial tomography. It is an examination which utilizes a number of x-rays which got from different sides in order to give a computerized three-dimensional image of a body shape (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). *MRI means magnetic resonance imaging which is a noninvasive examination that utilizes magnetic fields to give high-resolution cross- sectional or three-dimensional visual images of the aimed surface (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). References 1. â€Å"Thrombus†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. October 11, 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Blood_clot 2. â€Å"Blood Clotting†. June 4, 2005. http://users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Clotting. html 3. â€Å"Blood Clots†. HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots. cfm 4. â€Å"The Biology of Blood Clots†. Mayo Clinic’s Online Research Magazine. 2006. http://discoverysedge. mayo. edu/vascular_biology/ 5. â€Å"How do blood clots form? March 11, 2004. http://www. innohepusa. com/corporateweb/innohepus/home. nsf/Content/Howdoclotsform. 6. â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots7. cfm 7. â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots6. cfm Blood clots. (2016, Aug 08).

Outline and critically discuss the statutory and common law examples Essay

Outline and critically discuss the statutory and common law examples of 'lifting the veil' on corporate personality - Essay Example There are several statutory examples in which the courts are prepared to lift the veil of the corporation. For example under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, in which the court can make a confiscation order against a convicted criminal has been used to lift the corporate veil.3 Guidelines have been established setting forth the limitations for which confiscation orders can be made that lift the corporate veil. It was held in R v Seager by Aikens LJ that under the criminal law there are three circumstances in which the corporate shield may be lifted. Firstly, if it is established that the convicted criminal attempted to hide his criminal activities and the proceeds of those activities behind the corporation’s separate legal personality, the veil may be lifted.4 Secondly, the corporate veil may be lifted in cases where the convicted criminal committed crimes constituting the criminal offence for which he/she is convicted. Finally, the shield may be lifted where the â€Å"transaction or business structures constitute a ‘device’, ‘cloak’, or ‘sham’, i.e. an attempt to disguise the true nature of the transaction†.5 In other words, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, will be used in instances where it is clear that the company was used as an instrument in crime for either evading criminal liability or for hiding the proceeds of crime.6 There are several other statutes, particularly revenue statutes where the corporate veil is lifted for the collection of taxes. Moreover, the corporate veil can also be lifted under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 and Trading with the Enemy Act 1939.7 Both statutes are used to determine whether or not the individual and the company are so intricately tied that it is difficult to distinguish between the two.8 The statutes considered here are the Insolvency Act 1986 and the Companies Act 2006. There are four examples under the Insolvency Act 1986 in which the corporate veil may be lifted. Under Section 122(1)(g),

Problem Formulation and Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Problem Formulation and Identification - Essay Example This reduces the cognitive demands involved in making decisions by restricting the range of issues that must be considered. Typically, past experience in similar situations provides guidance in framing situations. Without prior experiences, decision makers must consider a large array of issues to evaluative standards and derive an appropriate interpretation. Computer supported decision making allows to identity the process of determining what knowledge is relevant. It is made in order to act upon the world, to make sure that the future does not look like the past. This process helps to save time and avoid anxiety, delays in decisions and action. Also, computer supported decision making is about making the best decision at given conditions at the moment; it is specifically about process and only indirectly about outcome. In a computer service support organization, decision makers go to great lengths to insure that they have the ability to control key future events, and controllability is factored into their decisions. The main problem is that observed that corporate decision makers usually rely on their "subjective mode" to make decisions, even when extensive, computerized technology is available. Critics explain that because the databases for deriving probabilities and projecting trends consist of records of past events, the probabilities and trends are "backward looking" and therefore of questionable pertinence to decisions that often concern time frames projecting 20 years or more into the future. A decision making expert system allows managers to solve day-to day problems. By the same token, reliance upon data about the past assumes that the world is static; the data are useful only for predicting what will happen if the future looks a great deal like the past, or if identified trends continue (Decision Making Techniques n.d.). For problem identification and formulation, the organization can use balanced scorecard analysis. One first identifies

My Life Essay Example for Free

My Life Essay Above anything else, I still think that the most ambiguous term, concept, and thing in the world aside from its existence is life. A persons life can be the most difficult thing to describe, to define, to expound, and to measure. It will always be very challenging for an individual to summarize his of her entire life in nothing but words that do not even measure up to lifes vague beauty, wonders, and mysteries. But in the very best way that I can, combining everything I learned from writing, recounting history, and expressing my thoughts, I shall try to tell you what and how my life is so far. I will choose to tell how my life was in the past, what it is like now, and how I envision it to become in the future in my own tone and perspective. Simplicity is a very relative and subjective term. Some would associate this term with peace and serenity, but I would rather connect it with the ideas of non-extravagant beauty and non-chaotic momentum. And so, I would rather call my life a simple one in this sense. As for my childhood, I realized that this phase is not a completely natural incident and event which happens to everyone. In one way or another, and at least in my own life, I have come to understand that having a childhood is also partly an individual choice that people have to make. More importantly, having a happy childhood is the greater choice which people have to decide on whether they would have it or not. With regard to my own, I chose having a childhood and a worthwhile one. Twenty-three years ago, I cried meaningfully on the [insert date of birth; ex: 25th of December, 1986] which told my parents that I am already existing as a person. Throughout my entire childhood, I cried for various reasons — whenever I got hurt, got disappointed, felt sad, felt annoyed, and felt overwhelmingly happy. All these cries, my life proved, are part of growing up. In my lifes context, these things made me realize that I am but a human being who feels and learns to express what he feels whenever he feels the need for it. Growing up in Turkey, I can say that my past is as colorful and vibrant as my country. My mind never ran out of iridescent and crazy ideas when I was going through my primary and secondary levels of education. I think I owe to my parents the considerable amount of effort they had to sacrifice in order to give me and my one and only sister the kind of education which we can both be proud of. My heart never skipped a beat as it vigorously lived with the glorious days of my childhood and adolescent years when I felt like I was the most powerful and liberated man that God has ever created. In a nutshell, my childhood is something I would always want to reminisce over and over again. And so, I rekindle that vibrant feeling every now and then, especially now that I write this chronicle of my life. Excellence and being well-molded never fascinated me until my parents, together with my mentors at the previous schools that I attended, injected into my consciousness the significance of education to an individuals betterment. I think that it safe to say that generally, young people dislike going to school very much; however, it was during those days, when I was on the verge of hating school, when I started to realize that education is actually the strongest foundation I could ever have that will equip me with the skills and knowledge to become a competent person in the future. As an average person who grew up with his parents in Istanbul, Turkey and who is still spending his days as a university student under the custody of his parents, I can say that I now have a considerably complete idea of what being a well-molded individual is like. Upon seeing and knowing successful people around me, I have to realize that all their authority, wealth, honor, valor come from a sufficient amount of education and dedication to it. But for me, aside from this, one thing which also aids in creating a well-molded individual in each person is his or her choice of submitting and staying under the guidance of his of her parents, for no parent shall wish for his or her child to go astray. And so, I chose to stay aligned with my parents guidance and proved to myself that indeed, parents have the innate ability to know the best and only the best for their children. I have never learned and realized the power of material things. I may have become fascinated with some, but one of the most amazing and valuable things I have learned in my life is that most of the things that can actually give true happiness to people are the intangible things that money cannot purchase in anyway. In several instances, I have also experienced the most typical emotional and psychological milestones that a human being goes through in life. As I entered adulthood, I have realized the value of true friendship and the value of having a special person caring for me. I have also been able to go through several rites of passage that defined my membership to the so called â€Å"in-circles† in my youth. Many times I fell hard and stood up again, never surrendering to the most miserable heartbreaks yet the most meaningful lessons that I can consider indispensable for the rest of my life. Truly, no material form of wealth and luxury can ever compare to the most special things that I regard as my greatest achievements in my life so far; and these include my self-dignity, the seemingly everlasting friendship that I share with my peers, the love I constantly receive from the people around me, and the bright future that shines ahead of me in this point of my life. I chose to value these intangible treasures that will last longer than me and than the ones that will fade after I passed. Yet, no matter how colorful or pleasant my writing will turn out to be, I also believe that life is not always a bed of roses. For several instances, I have received harsh criticisms from people who tried to judge me from a far and tried to measure me as a person without knowing me completely. I have faced several failures that brought me serious humiliation and deep self-disappointment. I also have failed to live up to other peoples expectations a number of times. At one point, I thought these falls were bound to identify and label me as an individual and as a man. But my hopes, aspirations, and visions inside of me that have been kept hidden behind these failures always manage to float above everything else and take over my consciousness. Thus, I chose to believe that I as an individual can only be judged and measured according to how strong and triumphant I succeeded after a fall and not by how hard I fell flat on the ground. I chose to tell you this tale of my life in my endeavor to give myself a hint on how I would want to envision myself in the future. If there is one thing this chronicle has taught me and made me understand about myself, it is that my life is truly made up of great choices, and each choice is a fruit of a trial-and-error process of learning. Right now, the life of being a university student is giving me all the positive thoughts of what my life ahead would become. I could be successful like todays powerful and affluent people, yes I can say, but I would choose to follow this tale and make a success story of my own, keeping in mind all the vibrant memories I have had from my childhood, all the valuable lectures my parents and my mentors taught me, the inspiration that my sister, my friends, and loved ones gave me, and the indispensable lessons my failures made me realize. Most especially, I would choose to remember my own ambiguous yet insightful definition of what my life is right now and what it will be tomorrow. Thus, I would still choose, and in the future, I know there will still be more choices to make, but I guess that is what life is to me basically — a never-ending ball of choices which define who we are.

Industrial Agriculture and the Loss of Biodiversity Essay -- Argumenta

Industrial Agriculture and the Loss of Biodiversity Preserving Diversity By Way Of Old Crop Varieties Traditional methods is indeed the most advantageous way to retain sustainable success in farming suggested by Stephen B. Brush in his research of the effect of diversity in agriculture. In "Genetic Diversity And Conservation In Traditional Farming Systems," he explains how analyzing genetic erosion and the loss of genetic resources eventually leads to environmental degradation. Various factors have led to nations turning to improved adoption varieties, primarily the Green Revolution and commercial markets. Brush explores the effects that the Green Revolution has had on resources and agriculture, and explains why nations are turning to markets. The Green Revolution brought an introduction and increase in genetic diversity, to all domains of agriculture, especially too much needed third world countries. Due to alterations in genetic resources, conventional methods were being replaced with modern agriculture that was producing exceptional yielding varieties. This surplus of yield led many small farmers to sell their products and also become principal players in the market. The success from this established the need for movement toward modern techniques and away from traditional cultures. On the contrary, Fowler and Mooney present a different viewpoint in their article "Shattering: food, politics, and the loss of genetic diversity." They assert that the Green Revolution only provided a short-lived solution to hunger, but not to the protection of the ecosystem (Fowler 176). They discussed the history and origin of the introduction of modern varieties, in which they ultimately stated that they might have created temp... ...ect diversity with traditional cultures (Nazarea 4). In my opinion, traditions need to be protected because they are the methods that have been working for so many years. Nevertheless, technology is crucial to helping to stabilize diversity. Improved varieties may not have been the best, enduring solution yet. There are other options out there that can be discovered with more research. I believe that the scientific world can find a precise median that will continuously nurture biodiversity. Until the optimal resolution is found we need to turn our ways back to traditional farming before it is too late. Works Cited Fowler, Cary, Mooney, Pat, "Shattering: food, politics, and the loss of genetic diversity."University of Arizona Press, Tucson. C.1990. Nazarea, Virginia, D., Cultural Memory and Biodiversity. The University Of Arizona Press, Tucson c.1998.

A Strategic Management Case Study on the Walt Disney Company Essay

When brothers Walt and Roy Disney moved to Los Angeles in 1923, they went there to sell their cartoons and animated shorts. One could only dream that their name would one day be synonymous with entertainment worldwide. But then again, that is how The Walt Disney Company has made their fortunes over the last several decades: making â€Å"dreams† come true. The Disney brothers began creating countless cartoons (some successful and others not so much), and in 1928, introduced Mickey Mouse to the world in the animated short, Steamboat Willie—widely described as the first animated film to be synchronized with post-produced music. The Mickey Mouse character gained enormous popularity, and Walt and Roy enjoyed incredible success thereafter with feature films both related and unrelated to the Mickey Mouse character. The Walt Disney Company produced several of its animated classics throughout the 1940s such as Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi; and in 1955, Disneyland opened its doors as the Disney brother’s first amusement park. In 1966, Walt Disney died leaving Roy as the new President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board of The Walt Disney Company. Walt never had the opportunity to witness his namesake creation (Roy rebranded Disney World as Walt Disney World in honor of his late brother) as Walt Disney World opened five years later on October 1, 1971. Since that first day of October in ‘71, The Walt Disney Company has expanded exponentially. The Company owns media networks such as ABC, ESPN, the Disney Channels, SOAPnet, and A & E (television networks); ABC Radio and The Radio Disney Network (online and satellite radio station); and Hyperion Books (literary publishing company). The Company has spread its parks across the world to Paris, Hong Kong, and Tokyo and has taken to sea with four Disney ocean liners. The Walt Disney Company continues to grow with a major expansion to Walt Disney World currently underway and several feature films currently in production in the Disney-Pixar Animation Studio (the result of the Company’s 2006 acquisition of Pixar Animation Studios.) Though profits have been stagnant for the last two fiscal years, the company’s revenue continues to increase. Purpose of Strategic Management Strategic management is a management function that consists of three distinct actions. They are (1) formulating, (2) implement, and (3) evaluate cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management is vital for companies wishing to prosper in such a dynamic world. With globalization at an all time high, the practice of strategic management among a company’s top executives (at the very least) is an absolute necessity. Considering that â€Å"communication is a key to successful strategic management† and that the empowering of employees is â€Å"a great benefit of strategic management,† it is recommended that strategic management is implemented at a company-wide level. Simply put: successful, polished, professional companies perform strategic planning. A large percentage of the companies that fail in America each year do not perform strategic planning. Company Mission Statement The mission statement can also be defined as a company’s â€Å"statement of purpose.† The current mission statement for the Walt Disney Company is: To be the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. Objectives The objectives of a company are the same as a company’s goals. When setting goals, an organization is determining what results they expect to achieve in both the short-term and the long-term. What is the goal of this company? Of this division? What do we want to have accomplished within the next year? Within the next five years? Generically, the answers to these questions would be a compiled list of objectives of which a company should strive to obtain. Given the current economic climate, setting objectives (or goal-setting) is difficult. As with every company, The Walt Disney Company should set goals for the company as a whole and along functional lines that pressure the company to greatness yet are obtainable. Measurability should be constantly remembered in setting these objectives, and precise and unambiguous language should be used to eliminate all hints of confusion. The Walt Disney Company does not publish its corporate objectives. Strategies Strategies are a company’s methods to reaching its established objectives. Just because a company may have a final destination in mind (an objective or goal) doesn’t mean that every path to that destination is a good one. After setting strategically sound objectives, it is imperative that strategically sound strategies are generated to provide the means of transportation for said objectives. The courses of action on which an organization decide to embark affects all divisions and aspects of said organization. Strategies should be formulated and implemented only once all internal and external factors are assessed. Only then can a strategy be deemed â€Å"safe† for a company for implementation. Internal Audit Strength All companies have actions that they perform more than capably. All companies (at least all those that have been around for a period of time) have past successes on which to build. A company’s â€Å"strengths† are such factors: the positive components of a company’s collective portfolio that have made the company better in one way or another. The strengths for The Walt Disney Company are detailed below. A Vast and Diverse Portfolio The Disney brothers began drawing cartoons long before moving to Hollywood. The Missouri natives spent the majority of their lives imagining characters to which to introduce to the world. Along with the Disney’s impressive collection of new adaptations of old classics such as Robin Hood, Sleeping Beauty, Peter Pan, and Alice In Wonderland; the Company has created countless characters to star in their feature films. Disney’s original characters include Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Pluto, Chip &Dale, Simba, Buzz Lightyear, Belle, and Aladdin (to name only a very limited few.) The Walt Disney Company’s huge portfolio is the single best strength of the entire organization. Diversification Disney has moved well beyond its cartoon-oriented roots. Though the company is still involved the production of original feature films and other related media (and though the media network division of the Company is still the organization’s leading generator of revenue) the company has long since stopped being your typical â€Å"animation studio† or â€Å"film production company.† In 1951, with the opening of Disney’s first theme park (Disneyland, in Anaheim, California) the Company made a dramatic shift from a media-oriented company to the broader category of an entertainment-oriented company. In the midst of the rollercoaster’s and hot dog stands in sunny California, the Company found also a unique market place for consumer products and a chance to entwine and implement the Organization’s already impressive portfolio of film characters into the parks attractions. The Walt Disney Company also began launching and purchasing media outlets for which their productions and promotions to air. Disney owns now several media broadcasting networks television as well as several radio stations for terrestrial, satellite, and online hosts. Incredible Customer Service The Walt Disney Company prides itself in many things and rightfully so. If you ask the average person what Disney is known for â€Å"Mickey Mouse† or â€Å"the castle† might quickly be their reply. Ask any business professional, however, and one thing is certain to be heard time and time again—â€Å"Customer service.† Disney demands nothing less than stellar customer service from their employees. If you have never experienced the â€Å"Disney Difference,† I urge you to travel to one of their many theme parks or retail stores worldwide. Their level of customer service takes those who know to look for it back. Former customer service experts and teachers for Disney have written very successful books on the topic and their experiences from the â€Å"holy grail† of customer satisfaction. Acquisition of Pixar Animation Studios In 2006, The Walt Disney Company made an acquisition of Pixar Animation Studios. Until 2006, Pixar had collaborated with Disney on multiple occasions to produce such award winning films such as Toy Story, Finding Nemo, and Monsters, Inc. Because of the partnership involved in these movies, however, Disney had limitations on the rights to use and reuse the characters contained within the films. The Company saw this as a negative. Too, seeing as Disney produces the majority of its films without collaboration or partnership, the Disney-Pixar relationship was an enigma around which to carefully navigate. In addition, as Disney’s traditionally produced animated films (with pen and color artists) being left in the shadows in comparison to the progressively produced animated films (with CGI and digital artwork, it seemed like the best approach that could be taken in order to â€Å"catch up with the times.† Weaknesses With the fact that all companies have actions that they perform more than capably, the fact also arises that there are some internal factors that are of a negative consequence. Even companies as successful as The Walt Disney Company have attributes and characteristics that are not at all positive. A company’s â€Å"weaknesses† are those such factors: the negative components of a company’s collective portfolio that have made the company worse in one way or another. The weaknesses for The Walt Disney Company are detailed below. The Constant Need of Successful Creative Material Any analyst should be quick in stating that Disney is wonderful at generating â€Å"successful creative material†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwhich they are. The weakness associated with this factor, however, is of great importance. The key words in this factor are â€Å"constant need.† Though The Walt Disney Company is possibly the world’s greatest generator of successful creative material, the constant need to churn out successful film after successful film and wonderful attraction after wonderful attraction is daunting at the very least. The fact that there could be a flop at the box office, or a ride that is negatively reviewed is terrifying for the Company that prides itself in its perfection. High (and Increasing) Cost of Operation Unfortunately for the Disney Company, their industry is one with astronomical costs and expenses. Needless to say, it is quite expensive to produce or successful feature film or build a theme park. With recently diminishing profits and the economic recession, the company’s realization to the increasing costs of doing business has been mundane. This weakness is not to be confused with â€Å"high barriers for entry,† which might be viewed as an opportunity. That would be considered an external factor. From an internal point of view, however, the high (and increasing) costs to operate are doubtlessly a weakness for The Walt Disney Company. Lack of Developmental Property The Walt Disney Company Parks and Resorts Division has expanded drastically over the last three decades. With the first international park being established in Tokyo in 1983, the Paris, Hong Kong, and Shanghai parks began to fall in place shortly after. At the Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida, the Company owns several square miles of land that will surely be apportioned for park editions in the long term. Outside of the extra property in Florida, however, The Walt Disney Company has little acreage elsewhere. Future developments in California’s Disneyland Resort are very unlikely due to the rapid pace at which property was bought in the forties when the â€Å"new theme park project† hit the news, limiting Disney’s land around the resort. Lack of developmental property within a company that survives due to its innovation is a serious issue and a strong internal weakness of this organization. Lagging Consumer Products Revenue The consumer products division of The Walt Disney Company is handedly the smallest division within the organization. While revenues continue to trend upward for the division, they do so at a slower rate to the other Disney divisions, proportionally. Consumer products should be a division of the Company that performs, proportionately, as well as the other three divisions of the company. If a consumer watches and really thoroughly enjoys Disney’s new studio release, Cars 2, than it is safe to say that the viewer might also want a Cars 2 t-shirt or action figure. The same is true for the media networks or parks and resorts divisions: a consumer who has experienced the products of any division of the Organization should be prone to purchase consumer products related to such products. The fact that the increasing revenue of the consumer products division is doing so at a slower rate of the other divisions shows a lack of marketing and promotion put on the division. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix is an Input State (State 1) strategic management tool that that helps with the summarization and evaluation of the major strengths and weaknesses in the functional areas of an organization. Internal factors (namely strengths and weaknesses) are compiled, given weights as it relates their relative importance, and assigned a rating. The weighted scores [weight (x) rating] are totaled to comprise a total weighted score for the IFE Matrix. The figures generated in the IFE Matrix are used in a multitude of other strategic management tools and matrices.

100 Years

100 years from now, many dimensions of human life will change dramatically. Science, medicine, and government will certainly change, and confidently for the better. The Homo sapiens species will advance and how things are now will be ancient history only to be taught through text in school, with many details of previous life long forgotten. The United Nations will develop a way to eradicate war and dispute through a full proof â€Å"Universal Problem Resolution Plan†. Therefore the world will finally be at peace, work as one, and the once poverty-stricken will flourish and starvation will lie in the individuals will to eat, not the â€Å"cards they’re dealt†. With war and fighting in the past the world will place all the dollars once used in military and armed forces into healthcare research and education. Doctors will have fashioned and perfected organ growth and the diseases we now fear such as A. I. D. S and Cancer will be thought of as a common cold due to easily accessible vaccines and remedies. Life will be different, but my outlook and attitude towards life will remain the same. I would wake up every morning happy that God gave me another day with my family and friends. I would wake up ready to make a difference and play my part in this world. I would not be raised from sleep by an alarm clock, but rather a microchip implanted behind my ear that told my brains receptors it was time to get up. The chip would also have my itinerary for the day and any important events I had planned. Prior to going to bed I would fill out what I wanted the chip to remind me on my phone and simply hold the phone beside my head so the chip could scan the information, store it, and later activate at the given time. Phones would still be referred to as phones but the technology that followed them would be phenomenal. To answer a call, you simply say â€Å"answer† or whatever you have programmed as your command to connect. The phone would then bring up a holographic display of the caller so interaction as well as speaking would take place. By the time I was awake and teeth had been cleaned to spec, I would go to my virtual wardrobe selector (VWS) and decide what to wear. The touch screen display allows me to choose what I would like to wear and delivers it to me with a solar powered track system. At this point 95% of the worlds power supply is solar and wind derived. Upon leaving the house, I would scan my thumb and the house would be locked and secure until I returned with virtually no way for trespassing or criminal mischief. Once I got in my car and turned on the ignition, powered by voice activation, along with everything else, I could drive to work myself (manually) or have the car drive itself there. The vehicle would be able to do this using satellite navigation, traffic and pedestrian observation sensors, and lightweight magnets in the body and the road. Traffic accidents and deaths would reduce by 200% after this technology was perfected. Although everyday life would be much easier, work would be intense as ever and the demand for good jobs would be outrageous. As a well renowned and highly sought after attorney I would have no problem with work, but still worked hard to keep my clients and those within my firm satisfied and content. Life would definitely be different, but still crazy. To keep from losing my sanity in the â€Å"once crazy, and still crazy† world I would surround myself with the ones who love me and love them just as much. I would continue to have faith in the Lord throughout my life and place nothing above him and his word. Technology would be great and the safety that came with it would allow most humans to live past 100 years old. In fact, I am 118.

How to Travel the World

How to Travel the World Free Online Research Papers Traveling the world is one thing that most people always dream of doing. To most, this dream will never become a reality. There are a certain few that may come closer to this dream by reading this â€Å"how to† essay. Here are my steps from least to most important. First, the least important step would be to create an itinerary. This should include all of the places you would like to visit. Once you have decided where you want to go, you will have to get maps or go on line to research the best way to get there and how to get around once you have arrived. With this list, you should research lodging accommodations for each city. You will have to decide what kind of experiences you wish to have. There are many hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts and personal homes available to rent. You should take into consideration the food that will be offered in these various lodging situations. If you want to experience the local foods, you should probably stay in a personal home or a bed and breakfast because the food is usually cooked on the premises. The local restaurants will usually have food from all different cultures so if this is what you are looking for, a hotel or motel might be what you will want to stay at. If restaurants are the way you want to go, you should check on line to see what dining experiences are available in the area and if you will need reservations to get in. Some restaurants have shows to watch as you eat but will usually need reservations. These are things you will need to know before you go. Next, you will have to be sure that you have a passport and transportation. A passport is required for all travel outside of the United States of America . It can be applied for at your local post office. You have to bring two forms of identification that include pictures. They will take your picture and send this off to the government with your payment. In four to six weeks, you will get a passport in the mail. Once you have this, you can make all your transportation arrangements. You can do this with a travel agent, or on your own. There are many modes of transportation; however, as I’m sure you know, you can’t use a car for most of this. A plane or boat will have to be booked for all intercontinental travel. Once you reach a city, you can rent a car to get around. There are also taxi’s available in most cities or you can rent a bike or motorcycle. Last, but not least, you will need money. The amount of money you will need depends on what type of experience you want to have. If you are considering doing a lot of camping and hiking, obviously you will not need as much money as if you were to stay at five star hotels and eat at extravagant restaurants. There are also many discount websites that you can go on to get cheaper prices on airlines and boats. You are the only one that can know what experience you want so it is up to you to add up all the different things you want to do to know how much money you will need. Once you have done this, you will need to make sure that you have the correct currency for the country you will be staying in. This can be done at a bank, or sometimes, the airport can convert currencies. Hopefully, if you follow this easy â€Å"how to† essay, you will be flying around the world in no time! There are many things to do in this world; all you need to do is take the time to do a little planning. If you can do this and save your money, you should have a wonderful experience. Research Papers on How to Travel the WorldMind TravelLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic EngineeringNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is Art