Hedda Gabler Essay -- essays research papers

Hedda GablerHedda Gabler is a more modern tragic figure. Like Job, she has gone through pain and suffering. Just as many of the Greek tragic figures and Job confront their Gods, Hedda Gabler confronts the controlling forces in her life. She needs control and in order for her to clear control over her life she commits suicide and does it beautifully to fulfill her romantic quest. It is implied, though never clearly stated, that Hedda grew up without a female influence. Her father who was a General raised her around guns. She was socialized to be more violent than lady-like. Hedda, as all women in her time, was restricted by society. She married Tesman because that was expected of her. She had no way of surviving on her own. She had courted Lovborg before meeting Tesman. She called herself a coward because she denied Lovborg and gave in to the influence of society. When she lost Lovborg, she loss purpose, and meaning and that created her boredom. Page 2Her marriage to Tesman was no n what she wanted for herself. She wanted much more. Hedda did not want the restraints put on her by society. She thought she could live through Tesman. To Hedda, he was boring and too caught up in his work she wanted him to join politics because that was what she wanted to do but was forbidden because she was a woman. He was not rich enough to do so and that destroyed her dream. Hedda would not settle for living homebound. Hedda was Lovborgs inspiration in one ...

Analyse the Opening Chapter of Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Analyse the opening chapter of Great ExpectationsThe author Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations as a series ofinstalments, which then put together and turned into a novel. It hasbeen written in first person narrative, which is good because you getto know pip very well. My faceations of the opening chapter ofGreat Expectations Where far from what I experienced when we in reality read the book. It was also set in the olden days. By the endof the story I found it quite entertaining. In the first paragraph weexpect to be introduced to the plot, characters and the setting.In this first chapter Pip meets the convict up on the graveyard, whichis the highlight of the chapter. The convict scars pip into bringinghim whittles which means necessary like fare and drinks. The convictalso gets pip to bring him a file because pip mentions that hisbrother in law is a blacksmith. Pip is scared of the convict becauseof the terminology he uses keep still you little devil or ill cut yourethroat. When a fearful man, all in course grey, with an smoothing iron on hisleg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes and with an old rag tiedround his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered inmud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, andtorn by briars who limped, and shivered and he glared and growledand whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chinsays that to a young child we believe to be about 11 14 years oldPip is going to do everything he is asked to do and exactly when hesays it.The first character to be introduced was Pip. In the first paragraphhe introduces himself and tells us that his fathers name was Pirripand his Christian name is Philip so he mixed the two names togetherand came up with Pip. His mother and father died before he canremember them and there was no such thing as photos in those days sothey do not know what they look like or what they are like to blether toand get on with. Pip got introduced first because he is the maincharacter. The other character we meet in this chapter is the convict.The author gives the convict an animal imagery when he ate the breadravenously. Pips character is polite and he speaks to the convict whois threatening his life using words like kindly please to let me keep

Drinking Alcohol and Driving :: Exploratory Essays, Drunk Driving

Alcohol and Driving Imagine being in a bar with a few of your good friends. Everyone is drinking and having a good time. Your be going to leave and go home, but you friends wont let you because they know the dangers of driving after having a few drinks. Instead they ca ll a cab to run you a ride home. You would be extremely lucky to have much(prenominal) smart friends. Drunk driving is a very serious problem in our society today, but it is becomming socially unacceptable causing the numbers of alcohol related traffic fatalites t o decline considerably. Drunk driving set up be very deadly. Yet many people drive while under the influence everyday. Drivers who are drunk are blamed for the loss of as many as twentyfive thousand lives in highway crashes each year and hundreds of thousands of severe injurys. It is thought that drunk drivers have a long history of doing this and many prior arrests. In addition, most of those killed are just innocent victims whose behavior did not cont ibute to their deaths. These last two statements are both false. On aver climb on a drunk driver that kills has never been involved in a alcohol related accident before and have no proir convictions for drunk driving. The demote about the people killed are just innocent bistanders is overaggerated also. Most of the drunk drivers v ictims are the drivers themselves, their often passengers, and the drunken pedestrains and cyclists. Despite this drunk driving is keep mum very dangerous. It is the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in America today. In fact it is said that ab out 40 % of the population give be involved in a alcohol related crash during their life. Drunk driving is especially dangerous to young people, who seem to be much involved than others. Drunk driving is the number one cause of death among young people, accounting for 20% of all deaths from ages 15 to 20. Drunk driving is such a hard thing to overcome though. In our society alcolol is overwhelmingly accepted as a facilitator of sociable interaction, and the great majority of adults drink. But steps a re being taken and the numbers of deaths are declining. Alcohol-related traffic fatalities have been decreasing lately. As a proportion of all traffic fatalities it has been decrease since 1982. In fact since 1982 the number of alcohol releated traffic fatalities has decreased 30%, from 25,165 to 17,699, w hile alcohol-related traffic fatalitites, as a proportion of all traffic fatalities, decreased from 57% to 45%.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Education Essay example -- Education E

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and EducationWalk through any school and one fact becomes strikingly clear, any student is different. Living conditions, health, and confidence be a few of the factors that vary dramatic onlyy from student to student. However, one commonality crowd out be detected among all learners, they all have needs. Although many individuals might disagree on the importance of these needs, the needs themselves are apparent. One psychological theory, developed by Abraham Maslow, is that our needs can be arranged in a hierarchy ascending from such basic physiological needs as hunger and thirst through rubber eraser and love needs to needs for esteem, and ultimately, self-actualization (Mischel 211). Commonly known as Maslows hierachy of needs, this theory is based on the assumption that all people have the want to maximize their potential and strive to do what they are capable of doing. Both maximizing potential and striving to find capability are important goals in education. In turn, if a student cannot sufficiently satisfy one of their needs in the Maslows hierarchy, they will never reach their full potential. In essence, educators moldiness become familiar with Maslows hierarchy and be prepared to mold their classroom into an environment that allows students to fulfill their needs when other surroundings, such as homes or social settings, do not encourage or allow the satisfaction of needs. I, as a future educator, have developed methods and approaches for dealing with students who are inadequate in areas of Maslows hierarchy. Maslows hierarchy of needs forms the shape of a triangle, with physiological needs placed at the bottom. Physiological needs include food, clothing, and sleep. Obviously, these ... ...needs are not being fulfilled. In essence, an educator will be more effective if they have an arsenal of approaches for dealing with students who are deficient in areas of Maslows triangle.Works CitedJones, Michael. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Can Lower Recidivism. Corrections Today 66.4 (2004) 1822.Kiel, Joan M. Reshaping Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to Reflect Todays Educational and Managerial Philosophies. Journal of Instructional Psychology 26.3 (1999) 167-168.Maslow, A.H. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York The Viking Press, 1971.Mischel, Harriet, and Walter Mischel. Readings in Personality. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1973.Mischel, Walter. Introduction to Personality.4th ed. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.,1986.Perks, Carol Ann. Get a Life. Teaching Pre K-8. 30.1 (1999) 74-76.

Summary of Middlemarch Essay -- essays research papers

After their parents die, Celia and Dorothea Brooke go to live with their uncle Mr. Brooke at Tipton Grange in Middlemarch, a small town in the English countryside. Dorothea, the beautiful, apt sister, immediately attracts the attention of Sir James Chettam, but with her always present desire to be useful, Dorothea has eyes only for the older, scholarly Mr. Casaubon. Against the desires of many in the Middlemarch community, Dorothea and Casaubon are married. In the meantime, the lives of another pair of would-be lovers becomes quite complicated. Fred Vincy, by nature a somewhat wild and undisciplined young man, finds himself in debt. He has accepted opinion from unreliable sources and must find a way to repay the debt, if he does not, the father of Mary Garth, Freds only true love, must pay the debt for him. Freds only swear is that his old, dying uncle Peter Featherstone will leave him money in his will. When Featherstone dies, he leaves 2 wills. The first promises a large sum of money to Fred, but the blurb and more recent will leaves the entire estate to Mr. Joshua Rigg, Peter Featherstones son, thus effectively crushing Freds expectations. As a result of the disappointment, Fred becomes violently ill. The Vincys call in young Dr. Lydgate, a doctor who hopes to reform medical practices in England. In the process of attending to Fred, Lydgate finds himself captivated by Rosamond Vincy, Freds sister. On their honeymoon in Rome, the new married Casaubons find things not to be as happy as they had expected. Mr. Casaubon spends his time doing research for his book The Key to All Mythologies, Dorothea, who desperately wants to help him in his scholarly pursuits, finds herself shut out from his work. One afternoon as she... ...e support of a wealthy widow is another step towards restoring Lydgates name. Dorothea also visits Rosamond, convincing her that Lydgate loves her and that the two of them should be happy together. In the process, though, Dorothea reali zes her own love for Will Ladislaw. Much to the dismay of Sir James Chettam and others, Dorothea renounces her fortune and marries Will. The novel ends with a vision of the futures of the different characters. Rosamond and Lydgate body-build a marriage and a medical practice, their lives are generally happy though not without occasional problems. Fred Vincy and Mary Garth are married and live jubilantly as hard working tenants at Stone Court, the land that Fred had once hoped to inherit from his uncle Featherstone. Dorothea and Will Ladislaw move to London where they build a happy family and Dorothea continues to experience for ways to be useful.

The Crisis in American Education

The crisis in Ameri eject education Every American is required to attend and complete public cultivate education. A person needs to be literate and properly educated to progress in life. However, there be many things that can impact a persons education and personal life. These issues include illiteracy, drug abuse and violence at crop. These issues combined with others create the crisis of American education. Getting an education straight off is very important because jobs argon demanding in their criteria for job applicants. It is vital to survival that any whizz knows and understands the English language.We have all gone to public school at one point or another, so we have all seen the dangers lurking about in our public schools. School violence is an issue that plagues each and every high school in the world. Teens are sometimes so afraid that they will skip school. Drug abuse is also getting to be a terrible business in public schools as it affects the education of the stu dent. As we have seen through Columbine and the Virginia tech massacre, there are some issues surrounding safety of schools and their children. thither is a question of whos next? Its very important that we recognize the warning signs in our students early on so that we can chip off the violence before it ever happens. There are many solutions to the issues that affect our public schools ranging from gathering volunteers to just loving your child. In this essay, we will examine tierce main issues in public schools along with the causes, make and solutions of each issue. There is a multitude of problems veneering the public schools today including teen violence, drug abuse, and illiteracy and we need to find the tools necessary to re create a more positive learning environment.analphabetism is the inability to use language, read, write, listen and speak. Illiteracy is one of the main problems facing our public schools today. It has only been getting worse over the years. In the colonial days, arouses were responsible for teaching their kids how to read. If they failed to teach them, they were fined by the state. Boy, have times changed. The three main causes of illiteracy are poverty, learning disabilities, and lack of family literacy. These problems have wreakd to the whopping 32 million Americans who are unwitting today.Children in every public school are affected by illiteracy, sometimes because of a learning disability, like dyslexia. Between 1992 and 2003, there were 23 million people added to the population. 3. 6 million of those people were illiterate (enotalon. com). People have been illiterate for as long as the earth has been around. An incredible 75% of unemployed adults cannot read and write at a canonic level. There was an organization formed called ProLiteracy. It is a group that teaches adults to read and write.It also distributes materials used to help teach the adults reading and writing. Illiteracy costs about $60 billion in lost prod uctivity due to illiteracy. The U. S . has not made any progress in changing the illiteracy rates. Illiteracy affects every aspect of a persons life. They may be ashamed or feel inadequate in life due to their literacy problem. There are solutions to the literacy problem in America. A first solution can be training our teachers better so they can better teach our children. A abet solution can be to offer after school help for children.A third solution would be to change the environment at home. In 1985, six-spot Flags Marine World designed read to succeed. Read to succeed is a three unit program for third through eighth graders. It has pornographic to 209,000 students from 166,000 students in the year 1989. Read to succeed is designed to introduce youngsters to a lifetime of fun through reading independently. The program presents kids with interesting and fun topics. severally and every one of these solutions will be a definite help in solving the literacy problem.They will work together to create a working educational system comprised of adults and children. Children will no longer suffer from shame of being illiterate. Adults can work the tools they need to survive in the realistic world. Illiteracy is an international problem that affects the student, family, community and the economy. With these solutions, we can learn to successfully combat the war against illiteracy. Bullying and school violence is a very scary, but real part of our everyday lives. Bullying is when kids use their power to control or harm others intentionally.Bullying includes making threats, name-calling, spreading rumors, or attacking someone verbally or physically. 1 in 4 kids are bullied every year. It has been proven that bullying affects a childs ability to learn because they become so thoughtless with escaping a bully or feeling depressed about an incident that they cannot focus on their schoolwork. There are many causes to bullying, most(prenominal) dealing with impertin ent influences. A first cause of bullying could be a history of family violence. Another cause could be learned racial, social, or religious prejudice.Another factor could be the violence portrayed in the media. Substance abuse is another cause of bullying. Bullying has many causes and many effects, so what can we do about it? We can assess bullying by participating in surveys that help determine the frequency and locations of bullying. First, you choose the survey you want, then, you obtain consent to take the survey. After you gain consent, you will administer the survey. When it is done, you will analyze and distribute your findings. You should always have a clear cast ready.Surveys can also gauge the effectiveness of a current prevention or intervention effort. Surveys also ask the schools and their communities about their experience and thoughts on bullying. This is a great way to understand the underlying causes and effects of bullying and who its victims are. Engaging the yo uth and parents can make a student feel safer, focus more on learning, and have the parent worrying less. shipway that a student can help is to contribute their experiences or views on bullying. They can promote respect and communicate regularly with their peers about the dangers of bullying.Parents can contribute by volunteering at school improvement events. School staff can keep parents informed about bullying and set up meetings convenient for the parent and child. School safety committees are groups of people focused on the concerns of school safety where teachers can give their insights and administrators can answer questions. School safety committees plan prevention programs, develop communicate, and enforce bullying prevention policies and rules. They educate the public on bullying and evaluate bullying prevention efforts.It is very important that we build a comfortable environment for our students everywhere. We need to establish a culture of positivity and safety. We need to promote respect in every classroom. To make surely that our bullying prevention efforts are working, our school staff needs to be trained on what bullying is, what the schools policies are, and how to enforce the rules. Training is most successful when a teacher feels their voice has been heard. I think that everyone would feel successful if they felt their voice was heard.

Topic of Your Choice Essay

English 090 Writing Fundamentals Assignment 3 Topic of Your Choice Essay Professor T. Finch Christopher Casselman 08-29-2011 There are many challenges to online theater of operations however, time management, course load and prioritizing are the three main areas that should be focused on. First, determining how much time to spend on a cognitive content is very troublesome. Depending on the subjects, some people like to spend extra time on certain things like math.Finding the time to spend with the family is stressful as well. There will always be something to distract one from their stool. Next, course load will determine a lot of things, such as how much time will be needed for each subject, when assignments are due and when to take tests or quizzes. All of the things aforementioned need to be blameless in a certain order and in a timely manner. Following a strenuous schedule will keep one on track.Finally, prioritizing will streamline things tremendously. Prioritize by determ ining how many assignments are due weekly for each subject, and if there are any tests. As well as, the difficulty of the subjects, and what impact they have on our daily life. In addition, many times we will overload ourselves and will need a momentary break. though breaks should be short, but long enough so one can grasp the reigns tightly again and continue with what one is doing.Staying focused on the work at hand is hard to do when there are other obligations demanding attention as well. Doing the best in each subject, and staying diligent is the single close important thing. In closing, all of these things should be considered before starting an online course. Regret and failure will be less if one can get a good understanding of what is expected from them and focus on time management, course load and prioritization.

Catholic Response to Reformation

4. What were the responses of the Catholic authorities in the 16th century to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation? The demand to reform the Roman Catholic Church stretched on for ages. Many people, such as Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus criticized the church for its mundaneness and believed that one didnt need direction from the Church, but just needed to read the Bible for guidance. It was from these men that Martin Luther came to the conclusion that faith alone would lead to buyback and you didnt need to work for it.Martin Luther appealed to pope Leo X to correct the abuses of the Church. When that didnt work, he rallied the people to follow him. His beliefs spread through German states and most(prenominal) of Northern Europe. In response, the Catholic Church assembled the Council of Trent, which defined the Catholic religion and improve the abuses of the Catholic Church. The Church also established the Jesuits, who spread the Catholic teachings during the Lutheran Reformation. Finally, the Church employed many policing tactics against the Lutheran Reformation.These responses kept Catholicism a major religion in Europe. Although the conciliar movement was ended by Pope Pius II around the 1450s, the people during the Lutheran Reformation were reverberateing for a general council of the church. Charles the V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain, tried to act upon the Pope to assemble a council because he hope that the church would fix some of the abuses, thus stop people from converting to Lutheranism. However, Francis I, King of France, actively promoted the Protestants in Germany, tear down though France is a Catholic country.He did this because Charles Vs land surrounded France. He wanted Germany to be in a state of argument so that it would be too weak to be a threat to France. While Francis II did this, he also used his influence in Rome to call off any assembly of a council because it would expose the flaws o f the Roman Catholic Church. In time, the King of France lost and a council was called to reform the abuses of the Church and establish a statement of the Catholic religion. It began deliberations in 1545 in Trent, in the Alpine b establish between Germany and Italy.The Council of Trent reaffirmed many beliefs of the Catholic religion such as it justified that faith and works led to salvation, transubstantiation, purgatory, and the celibacy of the clergy. The council of Trent also declared reforms in monastic orders. It called to correct the abuses of indulgence while at the same time upholding the principle. It also called for bishops to carry on more responsibilities in their administrative control over their clergy and to make sure they were properly taking care of their own duties. The Council also wanted competent men running their churches, so they set up seminaries to educate the priests.The decrees of the Council of Trent would have been obsolete if it wasnt from a unsande d religious seriousness within the Catholic Church. on that point was much hatred toward the Roman clergy, as shown by the sack of Rome in 1527, where German and Spanish soldiers looted Rome, killed thousands, captured the Pope. Moralist began to speak and there lyric were heard. New popes, starting with Pope Paul III, regarded his office as a religious force to reform the church. New religious orders were founded on the basis of the new Catholic faith. The Jesuits, the most famous of these orders it was founded by a Spaniard named St.Ignatius Loyola. He had a religious experience in 1521, when he was a child before consultation of Luther, and wanted to become a soldier of the church. On this experience, he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Authorized by Pope Paul III in 1540, the Jesuits were an order less attached to the clergy and more actively involved in the affairs of the world. They believe the Roman Church was a divine institution, and all members had to take a pled ge to obey the Pope. The Jesuits were some of the most famous educators of the Catholic world, with around 500 schools in the upper and middle classes.They combined the faith and religious teachings of the Catholic Church with the etiquette teachings that a gentleman should have. The Jesuits also brought into their teachings the Renaissance humanism found in the Latin classics. The Jesuits were not only teachers of the Catholic religion, but they also acted as a missionary force. They recruited members from all over Europe, especially in areas that were still disputed over which religion to choose. After the initial burst of Protestantism faded, many people wanted to return to the Catholic religion, especially when the Council of Trent corrected the most obvious abuses of the Church.The Jesuits reconverted most of these people in the areas of Germany, Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary. They also recruited from countries that already turned Protestant, ilk England, where their last was to stop Queen Elizabeth I because they believed that the universal church was more important than national independence in religion. The Catholic Church not only reformed and spread its teachings across Europe, but the Church set up laws and police to enforce the Catholic religion. Many books were censored by the Catholic Church. They were trying to demolish the knowledge of heretics, the Protestants, from the people.The Pope had a list published by the Pope called the Papal Index of Prohibited Books. Only individuals with special permission were able to causal agency these books. There were many establishments that enforced the Churchs rules. None was more dreaded than the Spanish and Papal Inquisitions. Although the Spanish Inquisition was originally established to drive out the Jews and the Muslims, it was introduced to all the Spanish-ruled countries in Europe. It was employed against the Protestant movement in the Netherlands. The Papal Inquisition was established in 1514, u nder the Holy Office, a changeless committee of cardinals.To Rome, it was a revival of a famous medieval tribunal for the detection and repression of heresy. Both of these Inquisitions employed torture for various tasks. Torture was used for heresy or employed on any person charged with a crime, whether it was in civil and ecclesiastical court. The Spanish Inquisition was harsher than the Papal Inquisition in terms of punishment, people were often burned alive and the Papal Inquisition was all about protecting the faith in all parts of the Catholic world. In 1560, the major powers in Europe were declared Catholic countries, like France, Spain, and Austria.All the countries that turned to Protestantism were very small countries like the German states and the Scandinavian kingdoms in the north. The biggest Protestant nation was England, but England was still small compared to France and Spain. The reason why Protestantism did not spread is because of the tactics the Catholic Church e mployed against the Lutheran Reformation. The Council of Trent, the Jesuits, and the police commissions like the Inquisition all helped halt the teachings of Martin Luther and convinced the people to believe in the newer and better Catholic Church.

Elder Abuse and Living Arrangements in Late Adulthood Essay

Late adulthood is a period of various biological changes which shag impact on an individuals health and ability to function as easily in society. The stereotypical changes of this stage argon paler less pliant skin resulting in wrinkles, thinning hair gradually turning from grey to white, weaker bones, muscle loss, and vision and hearing impairments e. g. cataracts and difficulty with word discrimination. There argon changes to the creative thinker also, such as the loss of dendrites which suit of clothess a reduction in brain weight and volume and slower synaptic speeds resulting in slower reaction measure (Bee 1998, p. 53). Their immune system slows down as swell, becoming less effective, and making them to a greater extent prone to illness (Fernandez 2010, p. 794). Alzheimers disease is the roughly common caexercising of derangement and is a change in the brain structure due to the tangling of dendritic fibres in the brain causing severe memory loss and constitution chang es (Bee 1998, p. 459). Overall, the elderly are more likely to produce a inveterate illness and disabilities which whitethorn impact upon their ability to bathe, walk, feed themselves, prepare meals, shop, dress themselves, and so far expire in openly (Bee 1998, p. 56). This stage of flavor is characterised by a number of speech patternes and is a time of reflection. An individuals changing work status, in picky when they retire, can be a source of stress as work is a major component of adult spiritedness and they now suck to specify other activities to fill their day. There is also the uncertainty of their financial future and whether they will have enough to red-hot comfortably off (Fernandez 2010, pp. 853-855).Their health or partners health may be another source of stress for them, especially if it results in a caring role being rent to complete everyday tasks and the knowledge that their life is coming to an end (Fernandez 2010, pp. 867-868). Fernandez (2010, p. 851 ) states that late adulthood is a time of smell back and taking stock of where weve been, what weve accomplished, and whom we have touched. This results in a process called Life Review which is gradually looking back at past experiences analysing and evaluating them to develop more secure and complex egotism fantasys (Bee 1998, p. 02). Social interaction is an important part of life, continuing on in late adulthood and is associated with good health and life satisfaction. The elderly have general contact with family, finding strong emotional and practical support through them, especially adult children, and tend to have lower directs of institutionalisation with couples and relatives providing a high level of care and assistance to each other (Bee 1998, pp. 484-490). Friendships play an important role in late adulthood, with many enjoying time with friends more than with family (Fernandez 2010, p. 43). They provide companionship, intimacy, acceptance, opportunities for laught er, sharing of activities, cogitate to a larger community, and protection from the psychological consequences of loss (Berk 1998, p. 609). In late adulthood where and with whom individuals are going to plump is an issue they face. There are a number of options available to the elderly such as mobile homes, age segregated villages/communities, institutions, with family, or in their own home (Kalish 1975, pp. 97-99).Deciding which option is the most fitted for an individual can be influenced by a variety of things, such as health, disability, socio-economic status (SES) and culture. Mobile homes such as caravans suit those looking for a low cost and in drawal arrangement, however, those that have a mobility affecting disability or very poor health may not be suited to this option as they are usually small and on outskirts of towns (Kalish 1975, p. 98). Age segregated villages/communities include retirement homes that provide independent living arrangements or some support depending on the individuals needs (Johnson 1960, p. 7). They tend to be in semi-isolated areas (making it hard for those with serious health issues to access medical tutelage), and are quite expensive ( merely those of high SES tend to be able to afford them) (Kalish 1975, pp. 98-99). The most common institution for the elderly is a nursing home, which cares for those who need wide attention due to severe physical or mental disabilities (approximately 5% of the aged population) (Kalish 1975, p. 99). Some residents are unable to feed, dress or bathe themselves, are incontinent or unaware of where or even who they are (Kalish 1975, p. 9). Medicare subsidises some of the costs, but not enough, meaning some individuals are still unable to skip the costs (Kalish 1975, p. 99). Family members provide the most long term care, whether that is a spouse, partner or adult children (Berk 1998, p. 575). It is more common for an elder of an eastern culture to live with their children and extended famil y, even if healthy, than for an elder from a western culture. Most individuals, even with a moderate disease or health problem, dont live with relatives, but in their own house (Bee 1998, pp. 82-483). Living in their own home provides the greatest personal control, but those living alone are a good deal poverty stricken and have unmet needs (Berk 1998, p. 601). This is where the Government and charity organisations help they both provide small homes at low costs in suitable areas, as well as providing services such as home help (cleaning mainly), home visiting, and Meals on Wheels (Johnson 1960, p. 48). Elder tread is a very substantial and serious issue that occurs during the late adulthood stage of life.There are many different types of elder abuse, including physical abuse (use of physical force resulting in injury, pain or impairment), sexual (non-consensual sexual contact), emotional/psychological (inflicting anguish, emotional pain or distress), neglect (failure to fulfil o bligations or duties to an elder), financial exploitation (im befitting use of an elders funds, property or assets), and medical abuse (failing to provide adequate medical treatment or misusing medications) (Biggs 1995, pp. 6-37). It can also be intentional (conscious and deliberate attempt to inflict harm) or unintentional (inadvertent action resulting in harm, usually due to ignorance, inexperience, lack of desire or inability to provide proper car) (CSAPs Prevention Pathways 2004). Stereotypically, it is nursing home residents that are more likely to be abused, as they are believed to be vegetables, and Kalish (1975, p. 9) states that health care professionals sometimes recognize feeding the resident using the expression, watering the vegetables which highlights this view and often leads to elder abuse as a way of degrading the elder and punishing them for needing attention and help. Unfortunately many nursing staff receive little or no in-service training and receive a very po or wage, so they savour out of their depths and do not enjoy the tasks required of them, which increases the risk of elder abuse as they feel frustrated, especially if the elders abilities are declining and need more care (Kalish 1975, p. 00). This leads to very few long term facilities providing intellectual or sensory stimulation. The more staff fail to stimulate the residents, the more they have to do for them, and the more the residents sink into despondency, creating more stress and frustration for the carers becoming a viscous cycle (Kalish 1975, p. 100). The lack of stimulation itself, could be a form of unintentional neglect, as their intellectual needs are not being met.Despite the stereotypical view of nursing homes, it is in fact those who live in their own homes or with family who are abused the most, and it is the family that are usually the abusers, especially sons (Biggs 1995, p. 41). Victims of psychological or physical abuse tend to be physically well but have emot ional problems while the abusers tend to have issues with alcohol and/or mental illness and live with the victim and are usually dependent on them (Biggs 1995, p. 43).Victims of neglect are usually very old and mentally or physically impaired with very little social support, and the abuser suffers chronic and continuing stress (Biggs 1995, p. 43). Those who are unmarried with limited support are at more risk of being financial exploited, with the abuser having financial problems or dependent on the victim for finances and accommodation (Biggs 1995, p. 43). In 1993 the Commonwealth Government established the Working Party on the Protection of Frail sometime(a) People in the Community to protect the rights of residents in nursing homes (Biggs 1995, p. 53).Interestingly, mandatory reporting legislation that America has was rejected by most states in Australia at first and it wasnt until July 2007 that compulsory reporting of unlawful sexual contact or unreasonable use of force was br ought in, but this still doesnt hide all elder abuse and only applies to residents of an Australian Government subsidised aged care facility (Aged Rights protagonism Service 2012). Erik Erikson was a German analyst who developed an eight stage psychosocial development theory this essay will focus on his last stage, ego integrity versus despair (Fernandez 2010, p. 21). The basic concept of this stage is the question Was my life meaningful? and involves looking back on ones life to determine this. The hope is that the individual will cope to terms with and accept who they are and have been, the choices they have made, and the opportunities they have gained and lost, and their impending death and thus achieve the virtue of wisdom (Bee 1998, p. 501). If they dont gravel to terms with their life they develop despair, where they feel dissatisfied with their life and feel it is too late to change it (Berk 1998, p. 88). For example, someone who has very poor health and is reliant on oth ers to help care for them may feel like a burden and have a sense of hopelessness resulting in them continuing to live alone as they do not wish to put others out. While someone else may view it as theyve lived a long healthy life up until now and they have a loving family who is willing to help them in their old age, leaving them with a sense of fulfilment and satisfaction, and will jubilantly move in with relatives.Another example might be living in a retirement home, some elderly may come to dislike the age segregation and feel like society has pushed them to the outskirts to die, while others may feel stronger social connections, higher morale and a general higher life satisfaction due to the close proximity of others of similar age. Eriksons theory is valuable in providing a guideline by which to understand this stage, but is it as clear cut as having integrity or despair?Maxine Walaskay classified elderly into one of four categories, integrity achieved (aware of their agein g and accept the life lived) despairing (negative evaluation of life) foreclosed (content with their current life but resist self exploration) and dissonant (just beginning to evaluate their life) (Bee 1998, p. 501). Walaskays classification fronts to say that not all individuals in this life stage look back on their life and evaluate it, that those in the foreclosed category base it on where their life is at now, so it would seem that Eriksons theory does not apply to everyone in this life stage.Stress as a transaction theory looks at a stimulus only becoming a stressor when it is perceived that way by the individual, and whether they believe they have the resources to cope. In terms of elder abuse it would focus on the increasing addiction of the elder and a burden of care giving as the cause of stress thus increasing the risk of abuse (CSAPs Prevention Pathways 2004).It proposes that on that point are factors influencing the risk of elder abuse in terms of elder related (physi cal or emotional dependency, poor health, impaired mental status and a difficult personality), structural related (emotional strain, social isolation and environmental problems) and carer related factors (life crisis and burn out or exhaustion) (Biggs 1995, p. 25). For example an institutionalised residents dementia worsens making them more reliant on the carer, leading to more stress as the carer may not feel they have the capabilities to handle increased roles and this may cause them to abuse the resident.Another example could be an only child suffering extreme financial distress due to gambling debts, who lives with their mentally impaired mother and feels they cannot pay their own debs so they fraudulently use their mothers funds. This theory looks at the relationship between the dependency of the elder and the stress this creates resulting in abusive behaviour, which research has been unable to prove (Biggs 1995, p. 30).According to this theory, by reducing the level of care gi ving stress, the likelihood of elder abuse would reduction as well, but this doesnt take into account other factors that may be attributing to the abuse such as power roles (being physically and mentally more powerful and degrading and abusing the elder as a way to exert and maintain that power), and even a history of violence (if the elder was abusive ahead in their life and the abused becomes their carer, such as a wife or child, then the carer may have learnt that behaviour and carry it on by abusing the elder).There are many biological, psychological and social factors that impact individuals in the late adulthood stage of life, which can contribute to issues they face such as the influence of an individuals health, ability to function effectively in society and social networks on where and with whom to live and the occurrence of elder abuse. The two theories, Eriksons ego integrity versus despair and the stress as a transaction theory help provide some guidelines to examine t he issues of living arrangements and elder abuse faced by individuals in this stage of life. Reference ListAged Rights Advocacy Service 2012, Mandatory Reporting Elder Abuse and the Law, Aged Rights Advocacy Service Inc. , accessed 23 September 2012, <http//www. sa. agedrights. asn. au/residential_care/preventing_elder_abuse/elder_abuse_and_the_law/mandatory_reporting> Bee, H 1998, Lifespan Development, 2nd edn, Longman, Sydney Berk, L 1998, Development through the Lifespan, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights Biggs, S, Kingston, P & Phillipson, C 1995, Elder Abuse in Perspective, Open University Press, Buckingham CSAPs Prevention Pathways Online Courses 2004, Out of the Shadows Uncovering substance use and elder abuse, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, accessed 23 September 2012, <http//pathwayscourses. samhsa. gov/elab/elab_1_pg1. htm> Fernandez, E 2010, SOCW1003 Human Behaviour 1 Life stress and the life span, McGraw Hill, North Ryde Johnson, E 1960, Social P rovisions for the Aged With special generator to accommodation, clubs and foster homes, in A Stoller (ed), Growing Old Problems of Old Age in the Australian Community, Halstead Press, Sydney pp. 46-53 Kalish, R 1975, Late Adulthood Perspectives on Human Development, support/Cole Publishing Company, California

Crooks monologue- Of mice and men Essay

Im so tired, both physic ally and mentally, nevertheless I bet you, there aint no one in the whole world who could, I imply who would help me. alone this because Im black. Is that even fair? Is that even my fault? Im just a man too, Im just a man homogeneous any other man round here. We were all brought into this world in the same manner, We all were once young free souls with a childhood, we all know what the difference between the good and the evil is. , So why? Why. That is the question that I start out asked myself from the day when they took my family, from the day my family were.. Well, I already know the answer to that, however unfair it may seem.Theyve done this to us because they see us differently, they are all lazy people who offer only be bothered to see whats on the surface and non even attempt to dig deeper, and they are judgemental people whom the god has created. God, my family brought me up to trust, and to have faith and to look up to god. I remember, that n ight, When my mum was putting me to whop she said- You need to have someone to look up to , someone who you have faith in, someone who you think about, someone who you ask for help when youre stuck and I want you to remember that that man is god.But now, I even find myself questioning myself about the existence of this Supreme Being who is meant to help, who is meant to make everything fair and good. If anything or anyone so supreme was there to watch upon us, then why am I having to suffer? I have done no sin, I could non choose my skin colour, And I defiantly cant change that, however much I want to do so. Im not freeing to lie, In the past I hated myself too, for being black- Because of my colour, Ive been isolated from society, Ive been hurt, Ive even been denied the come across to even hope for my American dream.All this because Im black. But now Ive realised that Im just lucky to at to the lowest degree be living, to at least have a job, to at least have a bed to sleep on at night. You see, I work up at the spread full of white fatheads, the boss made sure that my job was somewhat secured after the day when one of the horses kicked me in the back and crippled me. Although my back hurts like a bitch every second in every minute in every hour in every day Im grateful for it. Without it, who knows where I would be now? Probably dead or left for the dead out in the streets.And let me tell you , the thought of that is way better than living in the ranch and being ignored by those white ranch workers. Well, Im not always ignored, I mean last Christmas I actually was invited in to celebrate with them, they even gave me some whiskey,It was by far an amazing night for me, simply then again anythings better than spending Christmas alone in the dark with the horses. And one of the new guys even came into my room and actually gave me company for the first time in more many years.That guys name is Lennie small, Theres no dening that hes a heck of a strong wo rker, a giant guy, barely theres also no dening that hes one stupid bastard. Im not even saying this for the meaness, its the truth, I mean when a white guy steps into a black guys room to keep him company theres only two attainable reasons as to why he would do so- Either hes opened his look and seen beneath just the surface or because hes a stupid bastard. In lennies case it was the second reason.At that time, I thought that it would be a laugh to take advantage of him, I couldnt wait to hit the feeling of being ble to torment someone, anyone. So I did. Sure as hell I did, I told him that George aint coming back for him, I filled his head with complexe ideas about George leaving him to fend for himself, It was pure pleasure, just watching him squirm, panick, be helpless. I let him have a little taste of what it was like to be me, to be alone.But stopped as soon as lennie started to talk back, I was damn scared, but who wouldnt be scared of a huge, dumb guy who isnt even aware of his own strength? Soon another white guy also came in,his name is candy, an old guy with one hand completely missing. This one hesitated more coming in my room than Lennie did, making me aware that his eyes were also one of them many eyes who could only be bothered to see what is on the surface.He told me that he would soon bust outa this place to get his own place with George and Lennie, so I told him straight up, that Id seen to many guys with dreams similar to them and that I know that it would always only just arrest a far away dream, nothing more. This was until they told me that they had the money for it. I was going to tell them about my dream and even ask them to let me stay with them, but that evil bitch came to my door at that exact moment, She heard a bit of talking from me about my dream.That bitch was curleys wife, Curleys the bosses son so its not like I could have talked back to her while she told me that I could never ever get my dream. She crushed me slowly with her words, but I was grateful for the wakeup call. If she hadnt said thatI would have just built up false expectation for myself, that would soon be crushed. Thats just my life, Ablack guy with no chance in the white society. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

KSAO or Knowledge, Abilities, Skills, and Other Characteristics Essay

What does KSAO stand for with respect to formulation? Give one example for each letter in your invoice for the problem of Professor of sympathetic Resource Management. (Points 35) KSAO or Knowledge, Abilities, Skills, and Other Characteristics (KSAO) tests be metrics used either during training or hiring processes to evaluate applicants and trainees. The KSAO pull up stakes typi exclaimy measure several atomic number 18as of competency and will use a weighted metric for depth psychology. The following examples atomic number 18 what one might see in the invoice of the job of Professor of Human Resource Management. Knowledge- A degree of a PhD or higher in Human Resource Management would be a requirement in this neighborhood. Knowledge in a KSAO is typically metric in degrees of higher education and experience in the field in question. Skills- Typically, skills are measured by coifance of competency tests. For instance, a Professor would need leadership skills and test cou ld be devised that would test the leadership of the candidate.There are a variety of skills that may need to be tested for this position and each type of training would need to be customized for the competency in question, e.g., leadership, organization, focusing, etc Abilities- This area of the KSAO is typically measured by cognitive process and the measure of ones ability. The measure of competency will be based on answers derived from a position analysis questionnaire and or a management position description questionnaire (MPDQ). The position analysis questionnaire (PAQ) is organized into six areas of competency based on the job analysis convention for management positions in human resources(1) information in edit(2) mental processes(3) work output (physical activities and tools)(4) relationships with separate(a)s(5) job context (the physical and social environment)(6) other job characteristics (such as pace and structure) (PAQ, 2013) Using these metrics provide a clear view of the persons abilities as required by the field of Professor of Human Resource Management. The concern with exploitation KSAO in this manner is that competency modeling must be focus on the means of accomplishing tasks and duties rather than on what is fulfil or specific ways in which tasks or duties are accomplished(Bernardin, 2007). For this reason there must be a high level of consensus concerning the translation of competencies for the Professor of Human Resource Management. This can be a problematic area for measuring competencies because there is a great deal of crossover amongst the competencies necessary to behave a job and the particular traits or characteristics of the applicant (Bernardin, 2007). For this reason, KSAO must remain focused on the occupation.ReferencesBernardin, H.J. Human Resource Management, Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2007 PAQ. (2013). job analysis questionnaire. Retrieved from http//www.paq.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=Bulletins.Job-Analysis-Questi onnaire 2. (TCOs 2, 8).Explain the basic step to conducting a person analysis and how a person analysis is used in a needs judicial decision. Do a very basic person analysis on either yourself or on your professor, based on the job you or he or she is currently employed in (and your common knowledge). (Points 40) The process for a person analysis involves examining the factors that influence performance and learning. These factors are inclusive of the persons characteristics knowledge, skill, ability, and attitudes. These characteristics are typically measured done KSAO or Knowledge, Abilities, Skills, and Other Characteristics tests. These tests measure the basic skills that a person needs to perform their occupation. The KSAO works cohesively with the needs judgment. The basic stairs involved in a person analysis include Input- the information or instructions that relate what employees need to know in order to perform their jobs. This area also includes the resources availabl e to employees that help them perform their jobs. For example, my job with the government requires that I understand customer process policies which are outlined clearly in my service handbook.However, I often lack the ability to answer enough customer service questions due to the lack of information provided for answering certain questions. Output- this area refers to the jobs performance standards. At my job, we are expected to answer questions for customers and not to place them on hold for extended periods of time. All calls are measured by the standard of hold times which is expected to be less than 45 seconds. However, this metric is often failed by employees due to lack of information provided to service operators. Consequences- This area refers to the typesof incentives that employees receive for performing well and also what they will not receive. For instance, at my job when callers are placed on hold for longer than 45 seconds, this action diminishes the ability of worke rs to receive bonuses at the end of the year. Feedback- This area refers to the ongoing information that employees receive in the performance of their jobs. At my job, we receive feedback, letting us know that we exceeded the standards for call wait times or if we reach not met this standard. Feedback also goes back to the management in that they become aware of the situations. Through the steps in this analysis a need assessment can be constructed.In my situation, since I am not lacking in specific skills tested in the KSAO then I am in need of other tools to perform my job more efficiently. In this instance, there is a need for a greater access to information in order to meet the standards of the job. 3. (TCOs 3, 8). First, provide the meaning of the acronym SMART with respect to training goals. Then, consider these four training objectives. revise them as two SMART training goals. a) The use of the software and documentation for better management tools to utilize with the syste m. b) The trainee will be able to explain the combine of data to other systems and begin to understand the administrative time spent on corrections. c) A better understanding by the trainees of the deadlines and the expectations involved in those deadlines. d) The trainee will learn some efficient time management shortcuts and will understand the guidelines in using those shortcuts. (Points 40) Using SMART (Specific, Measurable, Agreed to, Realistic and Time phased) as the basis for training goals, a training program is designed to create training outcomes in which the goals are specific or focused (not too broad), measurable (comparable with standards set), agreed to (all members of the organization including the trainee recognize the importance of the training), realistic (the standards for measuring training are achievable), and time phased (training has a beginning and end which provides that the trainee has accomplished the training.)The SMART mode can be seen in the follo wing examples A) The use of the software and documentation for better management tools to utilize with the system. SMART (specific) Trainees need to learn to use the data processor software in order to provide more accurate information for decision making. SMART (time phased) The training for this computer learning will begin in April and end in June.b) The trainee will be able to explain the flow of data to other systems and begin to understand the administrative time spent on corrections. SMART (Measurable) trainees will complete a skills assessment at the end of the training which will reflect their ability to explain the flow of data to other systems. SMART (Realistic) The process of implementation will be ongoing even after training is completed this will help develop the understanding of the administrative time spent on corrections c) A better understanding by the trainees of the deadlines and the expectations involved in those deadlines. SMART (Measurable) Trainees will need to take an assessment that shows they have developed and understanding of the deadline process.(Agreed to) This test will also measure the trainees understanding of the importance of meeting deadlines through this process. d) The trainee will learn some effective time management shortcuts and will understand the guidelines in using those shortcuts. SMART (Specific) Trainees will need to learn effective time management skills and the 12 shortcuts and guidelines for using those shortcuts. SMART (Measurable) Each trainee will be tested at the end of their training and will need to show that they can utilize these shortcuts within the guidelines stated. 4. (TCO 4, 5, 6) You are a training manager for a midsized corporation. You are working on a training proposal for your HR director when you get a call from the manager of the accounting department. He states that he needs training done for his team, which will assist it in learning the newest version of the Peachtree accounting softwar e. He mentions that his boss, the CFO, told him to put together a proposal for training that included a way to measure transfer of training. He is panicked and says, First of all, I dont know what transfer of training is, and second, how can I measure it?What will you tell him? (Points 40) I would explain to the manager that Transfer of training is a sentiment which is defined as the use of knowledge or abilities that were acquired in one area being useful in other areas of problem solving or occupation. For instance, trainees who are learning the new software from Peachtree will also be able to learn other aspects of accounting during this process. These skills are directly transferrable to other occupations within the accounting department. In order to measure transfer of training, job descriptions will need to be assessed for overlaps in skills and knowledge requirements. For instance, some working in payroll will undoubtedly need tounderstand tax requirements which are transfe rrable to jobs working in tax areas. Once the overlaps are found training can be assessed to see how much knowledge is transferrable between jobs. This information can be used to strategically design training programs that maximise time and cost. 5. (TCO 7) Explain one similarity and one difference between training and performance management and between training and succession planning.Does training have a part of either performance management or succession planning? If so, give one example each. If not, explain why not. (Points 40) Succession planning, performance management, and training are all similarly related in that they are proactive in their efforts to create a pool of highly qualified and happy personnel. Training attempts to increase the ability of personnel age performance management governs what is needed from training in order to bolster the ability of personnel to perform their jobs, e.g., compensation, knowledge, resources, etc Succession planning uses performanc e management and training assessments in order to determine which employees will be the best fit for taking over management positions. However, there is a difference between these management systems in that they are focused on accomplishing independent goals.Training seeks to make employees better at their jobs while performance management measures their ability to assess where changes might be needed. Succession planning is goal oriented in finding the best candidates for future positions only not in the process of training or measuring them in their current positions. For example training a customer service representative is focused on making the representative the best that he or she can be in that position. The performance of the customer service representative is measure through metrics to determine if the individual is performing adequately and if not what areas are deficient. This metric can be used to make a needs assessment and determine what the person needs to perform be tter, i.e., more training. The succession planning will use data from training metrics and from performance management in order to determine if the person is the right candidate for a customer supervisor position.

Edward Marshall Boehm, Inc Essay

Edward marshal Boehm, Inc. is a conjunction that produces unparalleled and high quality porcelain intersections mainly focusing on birds, flowers, and wildlife. The objective of the guild is to raise cognizance of Mr. Boehms artist talent, create appreciation and protection for threatened and vanishing species. Meanwhile, Mr. Boehm wants to build a business that could necessitate them wealthy. There are two main problems face by the high society. First, the process of making these porcelain products is complicated and required elaborate technical skills, the company does not have enough skilled staffs and producing power to meet the consume from the market. Second, the company lacks of enough distri plainlyion channels to raise awareness of its brand and the uniqueness of its products. At the current stage, the company has three series of porcelain in its product sources, which are priced from $100 to over $20,000.Each piece of porcelain sculpture requires a 52-step process. Some of products are sold out for years in advance, and it is difficult to call which pieces might achieve this distinction. In addition, the company has only one distributor, Minton China, to distribute its products to some 175 retail outlets in the United States. The company can return to reduce costs by using other materials at a lower cost, developing a faster out compose signal process, but the bottom line is since the most competitive advantage of the company is the uniqueness and high quality of the product, the company should preserve its quality instead of using cheaper materials or faster production time that may violates the value of its products.In order to continue the business in the long run, the company should adapt the following changes. First, the company should hire much staffs and train them to produce the products in order to increase production of lower priced products. Meanwhile, it should find more distributors to raise awareness of the company, and supp ly them only with the lower priced products. Second, the company can open its own local stores that provide medium and high price range products. In addition, as for the most valuable piece, the company should put it on auctions that mainly focus on customers like museums and private collectors.Case 2 Edward Marshall Boehm, Inc.1. Analyze the firms goals and objectivesGoal Make the world aware of Mr. Boehms artistic talent, to help world wildlife causes by creating appreciation and protection for threatened species, and to build a continuing business that could make them comfortably wealthy, perhaps millionaires. No one goal has grater precedence over the others. Strategic objective The case does not tell a lot about strategic objectives that are circumstantial and cover a well-defined time frame.2. Analyze the external environmentThe case does not talk a lot about the external environment, but it could be very useful for Boehm to make an analyze of the general environment (demogr aphic, sociocultural, political/legal, technological, economic and global.). Also the competitive environment is very important. That kind of teaching will give them a better opportunity to make a good firm strategy.3. Analyze the internal environmentWhat is adding value to the firm? The companys big knowledge about have to make porcelain that is very technical as well as artistic challenge to make.4. Assess the firms intellect assetsHuman Capital Edward Marshall Boehm is the man behind the porcelain. He has the knowledge to make it and the love to the nature which inspires him in his work. This and the special hard paste porcelain make the company unique and give the company a big competitive advantage. The company should be aware of not only having tacit knowledge where Edward Marshall Boehm have all the knowledge but instead share the knowledge in the company.5. Analyze the business level strategyCompetitive strategy The company follows the competitive strategy called focus (di fferentiation) because they sell to a particular segment only and not the whole industry. They are also selling a unique product.

Nordstrom Case Study Essay

Answer 1 In the 1990s, Nordstrom had six co-presidents who were six cousins belonging to the familys fourth generation. All six cousins took decisions jointly on study issues concerning the business. Thus, it was necessary that every six co-presidents agree on a decision or a propose for it to be acted upon. This was quite a difficult task as all of them often had differing opinions. Due to this more decisions were delayed or met with resistance by one or the other member.These six co-presidents were compared to a multi-headed hydra. destruct the hydra would prevent conflicts on future decisions and would in any case enable decisions to be taken quickly. It will also vest the ownership for the decisions onto one person. It will also enable a family member to be groom for possibly leading the company one day. The possible disadvantages of dismantling the hydra is that the six co-presidents could invite all contributed their knowledge and experience and have arrived at a better more informed decision. If equal cater is vested in six people at the top, it enables them to share the workload.Answer 2 Creating departments around products will ready independent profit and loss units for each product. The members of each department will have expertise on their products. They will know how to procure those products and effective sales and marketing techniques to sell those products better. This will narrow smoothen their focus and they will concentrate only on the product that they are selling and will brighten expertise on how to sell it best. The possible disadvantages of creating departments around products are that the employees will not have a complete picture of the entire business and where they stand. If in future, they are moved to another department, they will have to gain information about that product from scratch.Answer 3 The following changes prompted the move from mechanistic to primitive judicature. In the 1990s, the company met with stiff competition from its competitors. Its sales began to plateau. Its net income fell 2% and sales progress up only 1.9%. In the stores that had been open for a year, its sales dipped 1.1% after a 2.6% off-white the prior year. Nordstroms shares fell from a 1999 high of 44 3/16 to under 20 in February. The customers and outsiders complained that top executives spent more time in seeking consensus of all co-presidents on issues and this was a reason for Nordstrom being slow in presenting new fashions for sales.Answer 4 In designing an organization to manage change, an additional structural change that Mr. Whitacre should consider is to start a competition among the departments. In this quarterly competition, the department that has the best sales and profits should be the winner and its members should be given some incentives. They should be asked to share the best practices with the other departments in order to help them manage change better. Employees should be rotate regularly fr om one department to another.

Custom Relationship Between Business and Society Essay

The universe instantly supposes in change and liberation callable to beliefs and values of from each one society, the quality of living found on individual decisions and moral values be critical in building and of logical argument affinity. It is and then snappy to understand how contrast and society nookie be governed and all manner of people and races respected. Ein truth society has taboos and social entities that control its environment immaculately business and society is based on values that stick out be created by others though scientific look for. According to weber, The Protestant Ethic is a starting point towards understanding the multiple dimensions of social change. The relationship between business and morality is interlocked in the sense that a successful smart set is one which whoremaster effectively maintain the relationship which exists between them and the other parties.For effective corporate management, organization varies due to policies and carcasss of operation in service deliver, most professionals governed by professional code of ethics invent individual personality. spectral beliefs critically affect each individual tendernessual being. To twenty-four hour period businesses that keep up strong corporate codes of ethics atomic number 18 performing well in the long-term. Government policies and competition is vital for survival in every business entity, customer expectations and organization relationships to society are critical in branding and corporate two-baser which differentiates partys offering from those of competitors. To manage it demand for in the long run demands commitment and right moral behavior. This demonstrates dedication to all stakeholders, ethics enhance how a keep company operates and as well enhances a companys reputation and this brings more acquire to the organizations.MAX WEBER PROTESTANT ETHICSMax weber a German sociologist and political economist (1864 1920) aim at understandi ng the revolution power based of political stability and control of capitalist economy. With his social and religious beliefs, he investigated to known why the most economically developed districts were the most favorable to a revolution. In his findings, Weber concluded that higher skilled laborers and force out were overwhelmingly Protestant. He aimed at bring change and revolution. The argument was based on development and cultivation by the Catholics which he believes lead was a cause to nationality imbalance.Resources were unfairly distributed thus the districts ended up converting protestant, it plumbs the muddy cultural forces that affect contemporary work bearing and the workplace in the capitalist communities, and it plumbs the deep trust forces that affect contemporary work life and the workplace.He professed godliness balance between the Catholic and Protestant parents who usually give their children different kinds of education, in which his believe was that educa tion is an equal asset to both the Catholics and protestants, tho he was non font that Catholics have more of a tendency in education plot of ground protestants stay in handicrafts and sectors rather than to go into industry. It suggests that their environment has determined the choice peoples occupations seem more probable since for example you would normally expect Catholics to get involved in economic activity. His argument was based on political power and influence and his believe that Protestants had stronger tendencies and capabilities to develop the economy rationalism. To him this was not a philosophy of mere greed but a statement laden with moral language. Creating advance(a) capitalism that affects contemporary life and work place ethically.Lacks of ethics contribute to a state where the corporate bottom lines make profits through immoral acts. This relents to damaged image and leads to corrupt dealings and poor ethical practices. Managers who promote an glory with h igh ethical standards create a competitive concept that positions a company above rivals. This leave alone wallop help increase revenues for the benefit of all stakeholders.SPIRIT OF CAPITALISMCapitalism is an economic system whereby the means of production are privately owned and operated for making profits. The decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investment are made within a free marketplace. Profit is sent to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers.The mankind of business is where religion demands high moral and values Webers idea of modern capitalism as growing out of the religious pursuit of wealth meant a change to how wealth existed. feel at this argument the world today has changed due to advancement of human knowledge and technological advances, religion affects business depending on relationship created among business partners, however religion is an obligation to look at, basically the impact go off be based on critic al values of entrepreneurs or markets targeted. Every organization is critically evaluated through its promise and purposes to deliver its products and services.The compliment fag be on ability to abide by the vision and mission statement. Webers argues that the first and probably most vital feature of the spirit of capitalism was that it invested on economizing with high moral significance. Today communication among business entities has created a link to doing business better, the advancement of technology e.g. the use of electronic mode of payment has brought about cross boundary relationships which can easily be manage and monitored. Weber aims of scrutinizing individual strength and builds trust which is critical to business operations. This is to give opportunities for resistance in the organizational structures with emancipation alongside those for repression and subordination.In most economies equal business opportunities are applied to allow free movement of labour and in terest payment are legitimate returns on capital which provides legal mechanism for state in mobilization of funds and partnerships and create a modern state.The challenges in the society today are highly competitive environments, global warming, inflation, which puts pressure on companys leaders to create profitable relationships remain competent to create channels which circumvent to stakeholders returns on investment. The pressure of delivering positive results can lead to unethical decisions by individuals. However Governing legal frameworks therefore become critical as a key competency for quality productivity. Every organization has to reduce unethical environment because if it occurs it usually gets passed down through the organization ruining its reputation.In the world today China and India are believed to be federal capitalist who excises economical power, capitalism ultimately enforce market regulation. The pricing mechanism coordinates supply and demand within a given m arket framework, while the gross hand of government enforces the framework and keeps it up to date. (Bruzz Scott the root of modern capitalism journal 11 June 2008)LUTHER CONCEPTION CALLINGAccording to Weber his conception calling was on realization that people have got duty to fulfill and obligations imposed on them which must be attain, this believe adds value to letting each individual practice his capabilities and beliefs for betterment of living. He argues that each person has got a legitimate calling or purpose by his God however the society is a mix of races as others rarely believe in God. He came to believe in absolute obedience to Gods will, and acceptance of the means things were.According to Weber he was trying to understand how certain characteristics of modern shade can be traced to the reformation. Scientifically most of Webers unforeseen beliefs are today engulfing physically through research challenging this believes. Today the society demands quality products an d services with gratification of immediate results, perhaps a solid ground some companies practice corporate values to deliver results based of professionalism and not mere religion hindrances. cod to bureaucratic leaderships it is obvious that ones individual moral capabilities impacts decisions and choices made in a business and in the process of it the immoral acts will decline. This in today business relationship is based on training and staff motivation. The staff morale is critical at such a case Webers religion plays a role as most organization start a day with a word of prayer as a way of building courage and etiquette among employees.Webers moral values were that his study will contribute to the understanding of how some ideas become historys most effective forces. He in his calling was to civilize other believers and create a more ethical responsible society with a better lifestyle.In the modern society Weber similarly notes that societies having more Protestants have th e most developed capitalist economies. Webers transformation approach was not personal for monetary gain but based on passion for his Lutheran faith.It is in the trump out interest of a company to promote universal ethically good behavior in the workplace. This can be through Consumer trust and confidence in a business. This ultimately enhances economical benefits to a company and its network will grow. Thus, Weber concludes that the simple idea of the calling in Lutheranism is at best of express importance to his study.Modern capitalism is about blended revolution aimed to create systems across boundaries technology is fragment that has influenced positively capitalism development on perspective of social systems, most government political challenges also affects the relationships by compromising relationships management across boundaries. However, this can be done through international merchandising e.g. development abroad, franchising licensing and many others or through outso urcing services.Trade is increasingly global in scope today. technological has improved transportation and communication opportunities and trade is now more practical. Thus, consumers and businesses now have access to the very best products from many different countries. Increasingly rapid technology lifecycles also increases the competition among countries as to who can produce the newest in technology. In part to accommodate these realities, countries in the last several decades have interpreted increasing steps to promote global trade through agreements such as the General agreement on Trade and Tariffs. (Lars Perner, Ph.D)At glace ethical organizations create a stable organization culture and affects the level of decision making, the relationship between business and the society is vital, thus ethics is a component of doing good business. It would be a better world if the alternatives to source professionals could be utilized. However a state of unskilled workers is high and various governments rules of socials and dictatorship style of management insulates countries with anti market policies creating a non contributing(prenominal) environment for investments. However adapting ethical social governance can change for well created government for capitalism has got to start somewhere due to poor leadership opponents of globalization worry that many of the economic opportunities afforded the world while in many developing countries.CONCLUSIONAs the world advance and relationships are made, it is vital to understand the impact that matters to our daily lifes devotions. All aspect and merits of life are contacted by beliefs and creation of ones faith.

Personal Health Records Essay

AbstractA ainised comfortablyness put down (PHR) is a universal tool that consists of a comprehensive database of an individuals wellness documents. individual(prenominal) health write downs ar available in a variety of platforms, much(prenominal) as paper, the internet, in-person computers, and portable devices. This paper describes the hearts involved in a individualizedisedized health immortalise as well as the locomote to putting in concert a person-to-person heath record. The advantages of having a personal health record commode be a purport saver. Patients fuck control their own health records and play a proactive role in better managing their personal health forethought telling. Several pushs remain an issue with personal health records, issues such(prenominal)(prenominal) as security and seclusion, personifys, and lack of calibration.Have you ever wondered what to do with every(a) your immunization records or grey medical checkup examinati on records you collected e rattlingwhere the years and have stuffed away in a multiple places throughout your home? That is beca wasting disease until sweet-madely, individuals didnt have a place to properly store their personal medical records. Every adept has a different brass of how they maintain their personal health records, from an old shoe box, to the special drawer or the over stuffed file folder. There argon some(prenominal) problems associated with these kind of record keeping practices. First of all, they ar not safe or secure in the gist of theft or fire. Secondly, it is difficult to write out your health from a file folder. Papers documents collected over a persons life date can be enormous, especially in the event of a long term disorder. It is a daunting task to conform to up all your paper documents saved over the past several years and presend them in wholeness big disorganized pile to a health negociateworker and expect them to categorization it out.B ecause of the demands in healthcargon and on healthc ar workers, on that point has been an recent surge in the bea of personal health records nurture. Several companies andresearchers have developed honest and creative ways for individuals to maintain their personal health records, in addition to well integrating their records into clinical healthcare systems. A personal health record is a way that individuals can gather all in that respect medical knowledge and place it into one safe and secure place. personalised health records are a gathering of an individuals medical data from several different sources and devising them readily irritateible in one or an other format when needed. Sources where one might collect medical education are clinics, multiple doctors offices, laboratories, pharmacies, radiology departments, hospitals, insurance companies, and the military, etc. not to confuse anyone, but a personal health record or a electronic personal health record is not th e same as a electronic health record. A personal health record is used by an individual and they control who can sympathize or use the information in it. Other batch, such as their doctor, whitethorn be able to add information to it. An electronic health record is used and controlled by health care providers. electronic health records may be stored at a doctors office, a hospital, an insurance company, or an employer. (NIH Medicine Plus, pgs. 16-17) Electronic health records are legally mandated notes on the care provided by clinicians to diligents. There is no legal mandate on personal health records.(Wikipedia, n.d) Creating an comprehensive personal health record can be life saving for several reasons. wizard reason beingness, in the case of an emergency, medical personal need correct up to date data in order to provide an individual with the most proficient care available. For example, for the first time in history at any mass gathering, many of the peoples personal el ectronic health records were instantly, securely available to medical personnel at the world-famous Indy 500 ride race. The Indianapolis Motor Speedways Clarian Emergency Medical Center had rile to thoserecords, thanks to the Indiana mesh for Patient Care (INPC). The data admit admission and discharge notes, lab testify results, and other scathing information. A personal electronic health record is medical information about an individual that is stored in secure digital form on a computer or a network of computers. The refinement of many in the health-care field is to have that information available instantly to health professionals wherever you areeven at The 500. (NIH Medicine Plus, pgs. 16-17)Putting together a personal health record is a great way to take control of your health. A Personal health record is initiated and maintained by an individual. From using something as simple as a notebook, a file folder, or buying a program or using a password saved website, creating a personal health record is becoming more readily available than ever before. Web sites such a Google Health or Microsoft Health Vault are just a few of the many web based companies cashing in on the personal health record market. Most of these web sites provide secure password cherished find to some health insurers, pharmacies, and providers so you can request and transfer your records, saving yourself some work. roughly of the tools found on these web sites can suspensor track and record your progress towards your health goals, such as weight loss and nutrition. Keeps track of doctor visits and information to allot with your doctor, such as bank line sugars, cholesterol, and blood pressure since your last appointment. Electronic personal heath record websites answer to diminish the rough-and-tumble of scheduling appointments, submitting insurance claims, ordering prescriptions or refills by automatically doing it for you. Additional tools include monitoring devices such as a pace understandr check or blood sugar/insulin calculator to ordering prescriptions.Flags recent medication or discharge instructions from your last visit. exists may vary depending on the typewrite of personal health record being used.Using a computer based personal health record can be as easy as checking your e-mail. Personal health records are offered by a variety of sourcesemployers, insurers, healthcare organizations, and companies that arent in the healthcare arena. Kaiser Permanente said in April that more than 3 million of its 8.6 million members use its My Health Manager system to access their records, make appointments, look at lab results, and orderprescriptions.(Hobson, 2009) PHRs can contain a diverse range of data and may include information such as 1.Name, birth date, blood type2.Emergency contact(s)3.Primary caregiver(s)/phone number4.Medicines, dosages, and how long taken, including over the counter and herbal remedies 5.Allergies/adverse drug reactions6.Date of last physical7.Dates/results of tests and screenings8.Major illnesses/surgeries/procedures and their dates/hospitalizations 9.Chronic diseases10.Family illness history11.vaccinations/immunization records12.laboratory test results13.imaging reports14.Activities of daily living15.Health insurance information16.Spiritual or Religious Preferences17.Advance DirectivesWhat not to include in your personal health record1. your social security number2. home language3. telephone number enjoyment caution when placing your personal information on the internet. Using information that identifies you too closely can preface to identity theft, even medical identity theft. Medical identity theft is when someone steals your insurance information and makes medical appointments in your name and orders prescription medications. Reports cite 200,000 cases of medical identity theft each year. (Torrey, 2010) whizz advantage to using a web-site for posting your PHR is having the ability to access your me dical records from almost anywhere, anytime, as well as helping keep your records updated and circulating(prenominal). Using a PHR helps to eliminate duplicate tests, which saves both time and money. In addition, quite of waiting for the usual 7-10 days for lab results to be mailed to you, systems can automatically upload the information to the PHR once they become available. Not yet does this help with patient satisfaction, but is an enormous nest egg on mailing and handling costs. One of the obstacles and concerns of creating a personal health record is security andprivacy of individuals records. umpteen consumers wonder whether their health information is kept private and secure in an electronic health record system. There are several PHR web providers that would love nothing better than to sell your information to advertisers. Although there are several good programs, consumers need to use caution when selecting an online program. Most companies use encrypted programs to pro tect unwanted and unauthorized access to an individuals personal health records. legion(predicate) individuals continue to use paper records for their personal health records. However, with the invention of modern computer record keeping programs, paper records may not be as effective for the care of individuals with chronic illnesses. Some individuals have a long history of medical problems and have accumulated volumes of paper medical records. Paper records are not readily available at multiple locations at once and often present with an inconsistently of information. An individual with a chronic illness may benefit from transferring their paper records into an electronic personal health records program, which give aid in up their continuity of care and efficiency. Many personal health care programs offer services that forget help guide individuals on the how to of scanning and uploading their paper records into the program. Another benefit to using an electronic program is havi ng your personal information formatted into a standard reporting structures for charting and sharing information and devising it easier and faster for healthcare workers to fall over medical history and treat an individual. For example, a doctor can order a test for a patient and have the results transmitted to a their PDA and in turn can check the patients medical information and order further tests, medications and treatments at their convenience. This not that saves time for the patient, butfrees the doctor from making frequent trips to the various locations to see patients or review results of tests. The results are then immediately uploaded into the patients personal health records. (Mohammod, 2009) For example, a newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetic may have concerns with the dosages of their insulin and sliding scales plus managing their fodder. alikels included in some of the personal health record programs will smooth the progress of mapping out a diabetics prog ress as well as offering a plethora of educational sites and suggestions and feedback, including alerts being sent to the physician or nurse if their blood sugar enters into a dangerous zone.(SentinelNewsService, 2009)Nursing related issues and Personal health records are becoming more challenging then ever before. As progress towards digitizing healthcare evolves, nurses are caught in between the paper documentation to electronic documentation chaos. Nurses must play an proactive role in educating themselves to the variety of personal health record information that is readily available for their patients. Many patients are unaware of the services available to them and a healthcare provider must often help inspire their patients along their personal journey of creating a personal health record. Moreover, a nurse that is proactive with helping patients with their personal health records, will also encourage a patient to healthy behaviors, by teaching patients how to use tools to keep track of their health progress, such as weight loss and diet control. Encouraging a patient to keep better track of their healthcare records will be priceless for patients with chronic illnesses. Providing up to date information in one document to a health care provider not only saves time and money, but assists the health care provider in providing safer and better quality of care as well as a better way of communicating with their providers. As a nurse, it canbe very frustrating taking a health history on a patient with a chronic illness with a long come of medications. Often, patients are despicable historians or dont remember the name of a drug or dosage. Nurses can drip well over an hour just gathering information about the patients history before they can begin to treat the patients problem. It is always a welcoming sign ofrelief when a patient produces an itemized list of all their medications and dosages as well as their past medical history. The time spent gathering all the patients information could be better spent on giving more personal care to the patient as well as the other patients in the nurses care.(Sensmeier, 2010, p. 47-50)Physicians have their own issues and concerns related to personal health records. First of all, most physicians are mostly interested in providing safe, resourceful and revenue producing care. Physicians are decelerate to adapt to change and it is difficult to convince a physician to use a service for something that may not produce results for many years. Personal health records are in their infancy stages and are only a hand full of individuals are utilizing the services. Physicians as well other medical personal may not be educated on personal health records and are not obligated to review or edit or treat these type of records. However, once a document from a patients personal health record is imported into an Electronic medical record, the physician is then responsible for reviewing such data. Physicians are the n responsible for maintaining the accuracy of the data exported to the patients personal health record. Another concern is the issue of compensation. How are physicians going to be compensated for their time spent on training, implementation, updating and creating documents for PHR? Also, covering the costs associated with the hiring of new staff that will be needed to head such a plan, as well as purchasing therequired equipment and software that will be used to interface with larger networks?(American College for Physicians, 2006, p. 1-2)Personal health records have a direct impact on the role of the treat informatics specialist. One of the roles of a nursing informatics specialist is reviewing, analyzing and coordinating new applications across departments and determine how the new applications will best fit into a healthcare system effectively. One of the biggest concerns of any healthcare system is cost, the cost of a new program or application must be carefully scrutinized by the nursing informatics specialist as well as other personal within the healthcare system before being accepted into the system. Several questions that arise from the nursing informatics specialist may include1.Revenue enhancement2.Cost containment3.Broad-spectrum cohesiveness throughout the system4.Better workflow processes5.Government regulations6.Patient safety/satisfaction7.Implementation and Development8.Data interfaces9.Troubleshooting and training10.Software/equipment issues11.Standardization developmentA key concern to most healthcare systems is the inevitability of employing such systems. Healthcare systems will last be forced into implementing such programs. The future of healthcare is rapidly becoming more digitalized and will be dictated by the consumers demands and systems that can better accommodate such demands. The next generation of computer prod consumers and evolving healthcare technologies is on the forefront of nursing informatics specialists agendas.Nursing informatics specialists are scrambling to keep up with technology and developing savvy ways of keeping up with current trends in healthcare. Currently, there is very little data related to the purchasing costs of commercial PHR applications which presents a problem to the NIS. Not only is PHR a cost concern problem, but anytime a new product as enormous as PHR applications are lingering over a health care systems head, it becomes a system wide concern because the future is so unpredictable and health care systems cant afford to spend millions of dollars on the implementation of such systems and then the system becomes obsolete within a year after implementation. A nursing information specialists input is critical in healthcare systems decision making process.Every day you hear of a new process or a new indemnity related to healthcare. Nursing information specialists are fairly new to the healthcare scene andare at once being propelled into unfamiliar and never heard of areas of he althcare. A NIS must hold on tight to their granular hat and be prepared to handle the roller coaster ride of the unpredicted future of healthcare technology. (Shah, Kaelber, Adam, Pan, Middleton & Johnston, 2008)The standardisation of personal health records is an ongoing concern among consumers and the healthcare industry. There are many standards, open specifications, and efforts toward standardization of PHR information, and services. Many organizations are actively working to improve and support the exchange of medical record information.(Records for Living, 2010)Because there is not set standard among PHR vendors and health care organizations, the present recommendation is to adopt data content and exchange standards that are based upon standards accepted for EHRs, as a way of improving the interoperability of the systems. In addition, it is all important(p) for consumers to understand the privacy policies and practices of PHR vendors and health care organizations and who m ay have secondary access to their personal information. Also, these agencies should address any language barrier issues preventing the consumer from fully understanding the agencies practices related to security and privacy. Since HIPPA does not cover all PHR systems, consumers should be provided a complete outline of the uses of their PHR data and not covered entities should voluntarily adopt to inexorable privacy policies and practices. No health information provided to a PHR agency should be used without the expressed live with or authorization of the consumer. (US dept. of Health and military man Services, 2010)President Bush and Secretary Leavitt have put in the lead a vision that, in the Secretarys words, would score a personal health record that patients, doctors and other health care providers could securely access through the Internet no matter where a patient is seeking medical care. (US dept. of Health and Human Services, 2010) Before those famous words can be put in to effect, there first, must be a global standardization and recognized language. Currently,there is no uniform definition of personal health records, therefore makingcollaboration and policy-making difficult. The following aspects of PHRs can vary1.what information is allowed on a PHR2.secure and reliable sources of the information3.features and functions offered4.custodian of the record5.storage location of the contents6.authorized access to records and security standardsAdditionally, organizations will continue to discover gaps during the development phases of PHR, by collecting data and information, agencies can make recommendations and respond with appropriate action.Providing readily accessible, safe and reliable data through secure systems of communication will help to better serve consumers, patients, healthcare workers and federal and public agencies, and others far more effectively. However, there is a general concern for the underserved populations. There are several area s of the country that do not have access to such systems or have the resources or funds to purchase such systems. Also, there are educational barriers to consider in relation to health literacy issues which could limit the use of PHR systems in these underserved populations. With so many people out of work and living on welfare, there are far greater concerns than having a PHR. Many people are only concerned with their basic survival and having enough resources to provide a meal or heat to their families. The government would need to provide assistance to the underserved if this was required of them.In conclusion, as a nurse and a potential consumer, I am in favor of a electronic personal heath record and do think the pros of such systems outweigh the cons, especially in the case ofthe inveterate ill. I do, however have many concerns with PHRs. As a nurse, it would be difficult to rely on data presented in a electronic personal health record unless I was able to affirm the informa tion with a physiciantreating the individual or a family member. I can see how soft an individual may inadvertently enter the wrong medication into their personal health record. A simple slip of the key may change a medication entered as a diabetes drug Amaryl instead of an Alzheimers medication called Reminyl. Pharmaceutical companies are working hard to prevent medications from being named something similar to other drugs currently on the market, but there have been several reported deaths due to medication errors.It should be required that a government monitoring agency be in charge of overseeing the content being entered into PHRs as well as protecting consumers from becoming the victim of targeted marketing scams or identity theft. Too often we hear of these things happening to unknowing victims and unfortunately most of these victims are the elderly, which will more than possible be one of the biggest consumers of this kind of service. The government will also need to set sta ndards for protecting consumers, otherwise, if consumers are being victimized on these kind of systems, PHR could potentially suffer harm and loose the trust of consumers. The widespread adoption of PHRs will not happen until consumers are confident with their personal records being adequately protected.I think it is important to get consumers and patients more involved in their own healthcare. And one of the first steps is learning how to create their own personal health record. Not only can they learn to create their own PHR, but they could get there family and friends involved as well. Using an Internet-based PHR system allows for multiple individuals, such as family members and caregivers to contribute patient information from multiple locations. Forexample, a cognate that lives out of town may have the access to update their parents health information and also share the information with another sibling who lives out of town and both collaborate on the information provided. Thi s allows for continuity of care in the event of an illness and the sibling is not directly available to be at their parents bedside.The personal health record will play a key role in motivating the consumeror patient to a safer, more efficient form of healthcare. Because personal health records are still in their infancy stages, there remains a great deal of concern for the safety and security for the users personal information. Once these concerns are addressed and idiot- proofed, consumers and health care facilities may buy into it.Personal health care records are designed to help individuals better organize their health care records by placing all their documents into one easily accessible format. This kind of application can be a life saver. Having all of a patients up to date information available for healthcare personal to review in one easy to read format may make the difference between life and death in some cases. rapidly identifying drug allergies, medications, health his tory is all a part of the vital information needed in the case of any emergency. There is a myth among most consumers, most consumers believe that emergency entourage should have access to their medical records in the event of a crisis and the truth is, they dont. Many patients see several doctors from a variety of locations and emergency rooms dont have immediate access to all of a patients medical information. A personal health record not only allows you to share information with health care providers at multiple locations, it also empowers the consumer or patient to better manage their own health goals. Building a health record takes a considerable amount of time and effort. You have to collect all your past medical documents and manually enter them into a PHR platform of your choice. by and by that, it is as simple as scanning or faxing in a document or unveiling the information manually into a system after each visit to the doctor, or test, which keeps your medical records cu rrent and updated.Term PaperReferencesEHR/PHR Basics. (pgs. 16-17). Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from www.nlm.nih.gov Hobson, K. (2009). Time to switch to an online personal health record? Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.usanews.com Mohammod (2009). encyclopedia of Personal Health Records Paper Records. Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from wiki.patientsknowbest.com Personal Health RecordsPolicy Statements Adopted by the American College of Physicians. (2006). Retrieved March 10th, 2011, from www.acponline.org Personal Health Records Standards. (2010). Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.recordsforliving.com Sensmeier, J. E. (2010). Tech updatethe journey toward a personal health record. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.nursingcenter.com SentinelNewsService. (2009). Nurses Engineer lead efforts to radically change personal health records. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.lasentinel.net Shah, S., Kaelber, D., Adam, V., Pan, E., & Johnston, D. (2008). A Cost Model for Person al Health Records. Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.ncbi.nlm.hin.gov Torrey, T. (2010). Avoiding the consequences of medical identity theft. Retrieved March 11th, 2011, from www.patients.about.com US dept. of Health and Human Services. (2010). Personal Health Records and Personal Health Records Systems. Retrieved March 13th, 2011, from www.nchs.hhs.gov Wikipedia. (n.d). Personal Health Records. Retrieved March 12th, 2011, from www.wikipedia.org