The Psychological Correction of Error in Second Language Classroom Essay

The Psychological Correction of Error in Second Language Classroom - Essay Example Allowing errors to remain uncorrected is usually understood as being disregarded by the teacher, which hence results in some form of discouragement on the student’s part. Nevertheless, another negative possibility of allowing incorrect ideas or terms remain uncorrected appears to be that â€Å"the detective language might serve as an input model and be acquired by other students in the class† since the other students suppose the spoken idea or term was right. Furthermore, advocates of the auto-input theory state that if a student speaks flawed expression which is allowed to stay uncorrected, simultaneously this utterance functions as another input to the student who committed a mistake. The difficulty which is discerned primarily by educators is â€Å"that some learners may even modify their existing correct hypotheses to include incorrect forms, in order to conform with their classmates’ uncorrected output†. It is important to mention that each of the ide ntified risks of ignoring or allowing students’ errors to remain uncorrected can also be viewed as aspects that support correction. Until the 1960’s theories of language learning were profoundly shaped by behaviouristic perspectives. During this period second-language acquisition (SLA) research had not attracted significant attention. Errors and routines were major issues of this perspective of language learning. Behaviouristic perspectives gave the explanation of the reason L2 students commit mistakes. Behaviourists view errors as objectionable.

Wk10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wk10 - Essay Example This research essay is an accountof educational technology use -- internet, presentation, and podcast technology -- within this organization, assesses its efficacy, and considers its shortcomings, One of the most pervading uses of educational technology in my institution is the use of the internet. Every teacher has a computer connected to the internet in their classroom and is required to check their school email daily for administrative announcements and parent, staff, or student emails. A number of teachers have begun implementing the internet in regards to lectures as well. While the school internet connection excludes use of YouTube videos, by submitting a request to the administration it is possible to get temporary access to specific video links. These videos have been incorporated into the broad spectrum of lesson planning, from as diverse subjects as home-economics cooking videos, to the watching of sports techniques in the physical education courses. I have witnessed YouTube videos employed as means of demonstrating historical events – Nixon/Kennedy Presidential debates, State of the Union addresses – as well as in analysis of music videos, or advertis ements. Chris O’Neal (http://www.edutopia.org/digital-generation-youtube-teaching-video) demonstrates that one need only do a brief user search to discover countless health education field videos on nutrition, exercise, or disease, all of them replete with upbeat music and editing that is able to maintain students’ attention spans where out-dated VHS or DVD public service presentations are not able or are not willing. YouTube has even been used in professional development at the institution. At departmental meeting a group of teachers presented on more effective means of constructing ‘word walls’ – these are walls of relevant terminology that go up in all the classroom. They opened their presentation with an attention grabbing video, and then proceeded

Effect of Motion on Facial Recognition Skills

Effect of Motion on Facial Recognition Skills Introduction Humans have a remarkable capacity to learn and use facial motion to extract personal characteristic to recognize another individual’s facial motion which is considered is one of the most active areas of research in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition and numerous algorithms have been proposed to handle various aspects of the problem such as illumination, pose, expression, age (Aggarwal, Biswas , Flynn, Bowyer, 2011), and even smile and human identity (Ning Sim, 2010; Avarguà ¨s-Weber , 2012).Facial motion is able to provide identity-specific dynamic facial signatures that benefits the perception of identity (Roark, et. al, 2003). For example, study has shown that people who are famous, their faces were able to be recognizes by the participant better when it is a moving image which involving several kind of facial motion rather than static images (Ning Sim, 2010). Similar observation has been made by Thornton Kourtzi (2002) too. Pilz, et al. also further e xplains that moving images not only help human subjects to improve their rate of recognition but also time of reaction too (Ning Sim, 2010). This clearly shows that faces are a special type of visual pattern for which we haveunique expertise (Avarguà ¨s-Weber , 2012). These findings may means that facial motion may contain considerable identity-specific information and that humans are probably using these to recognize each other in daily life (Ning Sim, 2010). In short, when increased response times or error rates of faces are shown in an inverted, but not upright orientation, the recognition performance of an individual will be impaired as it required strenuous amount of effort in recognition, this occurrence is known as the face inversion effect (FIE) (Martin Macrae, 2010). This  Ã¢â‚¬Å"face-inversion effect† (FIE) has become one of the standard tools for exploring face processing, in particular the roles of configure or relational versus feature (Thornton, et. al, 2011). Macrae and lewis have shown evidence that face recognition is caused by individuals’ orientation to global or due to local facial features during encoding of stimulus (Martin Macrae, 2010). To add on, individuals’ propensity are different in order to identify complex visual stimuli in a global or local manner (Martin Macrae, 2010). Looking at the research question, there are actually a total of four hypotheses, to show a further understanding. The first, it is hypothesized that the mean scores of low static upright orientation are equal to that of the mean scores of the low static inverted orientation. Second, the mean scores of the low dynamic upright orientation are lower than the mean scores of the low dynamic inverted orientation. Third, the mean scores of the high static upright orientation are higher than the mean scores of the high static inverted orientation. The four and the last is that the mean scores of the high dynamic upright orientation are higher than the mean scores of the high dynamic inverted orientation. Methods Participants 150 participants from a University, including 39 males and 111 females. The students’ ages ranging from 19 to 51 with the mean age of 22.2. Students were supposed to complete the experiment, as part of an academic requirement of a tutorial class. All participants given written consent prior before commencing the research study. Materials In order to measure the level of facial motion in affecting face inversion effect, a Match- to- Sample task was used. Participants were required to fill up and complete the sequence of trials, identifying the right faces which was presented to them at the beginning of the experiment, followed by a blank screen of 5 seconds. Next step to do, they were to identify the right upright or inverted static and dynamic faces shown in each trial. The images of the faces will stay on screen till a response was given. Procedure Participants were instructed in the beginning of the experiment how trial sequences will be presented. Four different sequence of trial types was randomly assigned in the presentation. The first trial type is an upright static image of the target face was presented to the participants. Second trial type, an inverted static image of the target face. Followed by the third trial type, an upright dynamic footage of the target face and the fourth trial type; an inverted dynamic footage of the target face. In each and every trial sequence, participants were presented with the image for 5 seconds, then followed by a blank screen for 5 seconds. Participants, next, were shown with two test images choices and there is only one of them matched the actual shown earlier which is correct. Images in the test will appear until the point of a response is being clicked on. The next trial test will then began with another new image right after a response was made. Design The independent variables in the research study were Motion, being it dynamic or Static, Face Recognition skills either High or low recognition of faces and Orientation of the face, be it Upright or Inverted. The dependent variable in the research study will be the proportion of matches of the images that were deemed correct. Results The results on the test were calculated based on accuracy of data collected and the performance to respond to test images and footage in an upright static condition using a one- way repeated measures analysis of variance test. These results were according from the top and bottom, participants’ result was evaluated based on the performance of the participants on the test in the static upright environment. The mean proportion of correct matches in the low group participants who has poor facial recognition (FR) skills in the upright static environment (M= 0.82, SD=0.052) and inverted environment (M= 0.78, SD=0.134) was compared to high group participants who have high FR skills in the upright static environment (M= 1.0, SD=0.00) and inverted environment (M= 0.89, SD=0.096). Figure 1. Mean proportion of correct matches made in the low and high groups under Static orientation The result shows that the low group participants reflected poor FR skills in the upright static environment (M = 21.6 years, 6 males), t (48) = 16.88, p Table 1 Paired Sample Statistics for Low and High Facial recognition in upright and inverted orientations with static or dynamic conditions. Table 1 above has shown that the mean proportion of correct matches made in the low and high facial recognition groups with static or dynamic condition. Based on the first hypothesis, it is not true as the results has shown in Table 1 that it does not support the overall studies done on the facial recognition and visual orientation. However, The mean scores of the high static upright orientation were higher than the mean scores of the high static inverted orientation which resulted that the third hypothesis which was mentioned earlier in the introduction is true. Figure 2. Mean proportion of correct matches made in the low and high groups under Dynamic orientation. Figure 2 above has shown that the mean proportion of correct matches made by low and high groups participants under Dynamic orientation. Based on the second hypothesis, it stated that mean scores of the low dynamic upright orientation were lower than the mean scores of the low dynamic inverted orientation. However, it seems that the graph in Figure 2 has shown differently where actually the mean scores of the low dynamic upright orientation was higher than the mean scores of the low dynamic inverted orientation. Therefore, it seems that second hypothesis which is based on the results shown on table 1 above is also not true and subsequently does not support the overall studies done on both facial recognition and visual orientation. The means proportion of the graphs in the high static upright orientations is higher than the mean proportion of the graphs in the high static inverted orientation which is also reflected in Table 1. In the results of the final hypothesis as shown in Figure 2, the mean scores in the high dynamic upright orientation appeared to be higher than the mean scores of the high dynamic inverted orientation. This further concludes that the third and fourth hypothesis is true as reflected in Figure 1, 2 and Table 1 and supports the overall studies on facial recognition and visual orientation. Table 2. 2 Paired Sample t test for Low and High Facial recognition in upright and inverted orientations with static or dynamic conditions. Above Table 2 shows the results of mean proportion of correct matches made in the low and high groups of the participanta under the several types of visual orientation. Discussion The aim of the study was to see how motion improved performance for people who have poor face recognition skills. The Participants were asked to complete the tests which involved series of trials that consist of differentiating the images of faces in upright and inverted orientations under static and dynamic conditions. Four hypotheses were created in conjunction to the research question given, to show further understanding of research question. The first hypothesis is that motion and recognition are proportional in terms of identifying faces, the dynamic movements able to help the people with poor recognition skills to identify motion. This meant that the upright condition is similar to the inverted condition, where both were static and the condition of low FIE, prove that it is not true. The second hypothesis where the mean scores of low dynamic upright orientation is much higher than the low dynamic inverted orientation in recognizing the faces in the trials, but the low dynamic i nverted orientation group, the mean scores are higher. Therefore, the second hypothesis was proved to be not true, in terms of the low dynamic inverted orientation. Thus, it helps those poor recognition skills participants to perform better in an inverted orientation instead. Using the result, the third and the last hypothesis shows that both upright orientations with static and dynamic conditions are greater than the inverted conditions which shows that facial recognition is assisted by the images in the upright orientation. The last hypothesis which the mean scores of the high dynamic upright orientation is proved to be true to be true that the scores were higher than the means scores in high dynamic inverted orientation, based on Longmore Tree, 2013, this was demonstrated to be a benefit in aiding the process of face processing and facial recognition. Thus this concludes that motion does have a significant effect in the facial recognition process of people. On contrary to the study done in discussion of the strengths and limitations of this study, it is found that the number of participants were a total of 150 which satisfy the general requirement of a study in having at least 30 participants. Therefore the criteria on sample size were fulfilled. As this study was done based on the focus that if motion was helpful, in terms of the targeting the right audience, this study was helpful in terms of helping individuals understand the issues with facial recognition and how the difference in orientation would affect our visual perception. The limitations of the study is that it was conducted in the way for individual to understand that how motion actually helps in individuals’ recognition skills, involving studies of individual who have different cognitive perceptual disorders. Therefore, making the study seem unhelpful in giving information on how can motion be fully utilized in terms of treatment of the disorders. Another limitation would be the age ranges of participants, where it is between 19 to 51 ranges of age. It was proven that younger observers were proven to be better than older observers in multiple motion. Older observers usually require practice to be better due to controls of optical blur and retinal image even though they show similar learning function as the younger ones. (Legault, Allard, Faubert, 2013). To conclude, the result shows that motion do have an impact to in visual processing and facial recognition. However, Future studies should be conducted in a way where by the age range is conducted along with a balanced number of participants in term of gender. It would be better if future studies were to focus on specific audiences with more research and academic information as to understand better of the issues treating disorders. Last but not least, there is a level of significance showed in the student, proving that there are important information provided in regards to facial recognition skills.

Ecommerce Industry Analysis :: essays research papers

Industry Analysis: On-Line Higher Education Industry Today’s industries of Higher Education are witnessing a burgeoning interest in the use of the Internet. The rise of the Internet, by information technologies and business application, represents a large base of potential customers for e-commerce activities. Generally, it can be said that e-commerce is a highly significant way of conducting business. For that very reason, a widespread of universities and colleges actively exploit opportunities created by the growth of e-commerce by initiating on line courses and degrees to accommodate this demand. This industry analysis will capture the principal effects that e-commerce, i.e. on line courses, may have, as compared to those of conventional Higher Education Industries, as well as explore the barriers and opportunities that may face each. These issues are examined using market research, newspaper articles, and annual industry reports. Higher Education Firms are undertaking growing numbers of e-commerce initiatives and increasingly offering on-line incentives required to participate in the growing online market. A range of on-line incentives includes expedited degrees, decreased tuition fees and minimal face-to-face time with instructors. However, to realize these gains of on-line courses and the associated incentives requires fundamental Internet knowledge and a high degree of competency with on-line universities in offering adequate resources. Higher Education institutions are producers of information concentrated products, and may face a raft of challenges when instilling these new competencies. The Gartner Group estimates that firms creating e-commerce sites spend $1 million in the first five months, and $20 million for a place in cyberspace that sets them apart from the competition. These costs are projected to increase at a rate of over 25% per year over the next two years. An examination of the annual reports of Online Higher Education companies reflects the magnitude of these costs. South University’s annual report for 2003 reveals that the firm spent $152 million on advertisement, equipment, and software, amounting to 9% of their annual revenues for the year. This figure for Capella.edu is $34 million (16% of revenue). Once these investments are in place, the costs of entry into virtual universities mainly include considerable marketing expenses. Activities such as the placement of banner ads in portal sites are $12 million (12% of revenue). Transaction and organizational costs affect every educational institution. The potential of Virtual Universities to reduce these costs is most important, because the cost affect the consumers. Comparisons to campus education also create economic challenges to online institutions.

Human hair wigs vs Synthetic

From Napoleon to Cher, wigs have been indicators of social status, allow oneself to become another person in a matter of seconds, change one’s overall appearance for either a very natural look or a dramatic look. I’d like to discuss the difference between synthetic and human hair wigs and hairpieces.Synthetic wigs are durable and more often than not more affordable than human hair wigs. Because they are made of synthetic materials, up close and to the touch, they do not feel like natural hair. They are also abnormally shiny which can be a dead giveaway that the person is wearing a wig..   The synthetic wig, because it is made of thicker material, will also not breathe as well as the human hair wig alternatives. Synthetic hair wigs are prepared from man-made fibers called Kanekalon, Toyokalon and can change from brand to brand.The quality of Synthetic wigs varies from four to six weeks if well maintained. Synthetic hair is usually easier to handle than human hair wigs. Synthetics wigs hold styles a lot longer because they were made to look a certain style and even the hair fibers were molded via chemical processes to keep the look intact. Usually, synthjetic wigs do not last as long as human hair because they tend to easily shed, tangle & get frizzy. There are however, exceptions, and treatments to help maintain the look of your wig. The advantages to purchasing synthetic wigs are price, along with ease of wear plus and a greater variety of particular styles, including the ability to wear any texture without having to chemically treat the natural hair.Hot appliances should not be used on synthetic wigs. These tools will melt the synthetic hair strands and ruin the wig. Occasionally, a clothing steamer may be used to bring back the shape. Synthetic wigs cannot be dyed either. The wigs undergo several chemical processes prior to being sold, making them nearly impossible to alter. Even if a wig says it is human hair, chances are unless you paid good money for it, it is a synthetic blend and cannot be dyed or heat styled. These blended wigs are made from human hair blended with synthetic materials, They look less fake as a straight synthetic wig would, and has the light, airy feeling of a much lighter human hair wig.Mixed blend wigs are less expensive that can last up to three to four months, However it must be handled with care as one would treat their own natural hair once the  hair has been worn.  Lower-quality of mixed â€Å"human hair† wigs is often diluted with animal and synthetic hair to lower the price. New fibers are developed continuously that are better resistant to heat and have an appearance closer to human hair. Mixed hair can be styled with heating tools at a very low temperature. Using tools that are too hot on these blended wigs will cause them to melt, frizz and shrivel up. Human hair is available in many different grades; mainly from women that offer their hair to deities in Hindu temples and othe r countries in a show of respect and gratitude. Few don’t realize the offerings wind up in a lucrative export market serving China and Hollywood and all over the world.  Human Hair texture wigs need special care to last longer than one year, as they can become delicate and brittle. This type of wig is usually more expensive because of the natural look and softer feel it originates. Using suitable hair products to keep the wig moisturized and protected can lengthen the lifetime for the wig. Human hair wigs is a more indistinguishable alternative to natural hair. They are easier to care for but do not have as much flexibility as natural hair, which can still be dyed, permed, and restyled to match personal tastes Best of all, human hair wigs are more durable than synthetic and mixed wigs since human hair is much stronger.The downsides to owning a real human hair wig are the price and the extent of care. Most human hair wigs are very expensive .Human hair is, however, more vers atile than synthetic hair being that it can be colored, relaxed, or curled with heating appliances just as one would do with his or her own hair. Human hair wigs also require more upkeep. Just like real hair, human hair wigs do not hold their shape after washing. Each time you wash a human hair wig you must restyle it or take it back to the stylist for setting. These wigs don't hold their style permanently you must use more products on them to keep them looking good.High quality 100% human hair is more expensive than hair mixed with other materials (synthetic hair is most common) most wigs come with excessive hair and it is recommended that they be taken to a stylist to be shaped and customized to your individual features. The same maintenance that one would apply to his or her own hair should be applied to the human hair to keep it in good condition. While most synthetic hair wigs are less expensive than human hair wigs, you do need to choose a higher priced wig if you want a more natural look. The higher the quality of the wig the more it will  resemble human hair.The best hair is of Either Brazilian or Indian. Before deciding between a human hair and synthetic hair wig it is best to consult with a hair stylist. They will be able to help you settle on which type of wig that would be the best match to your individual needs and liking, they may also style it for you for optimum customization and make it look even more natural. So, if you are in the market for a wig,as with most things in life, it’s best not to go with the cheapest option.High quality brazilian or Indian hair makes for the most luxurious and natural looking hair. If you’re looking for a last second option to change your look dramatically, a nice synthetic wig will suffice and is always fun to throw on before going out with the girls.

What is Gender Identity?

The human body is amazing. And even though there are many researchers that conduct studies on human anatomy, there are so many questions that are unanswered still to this day. But what we do know has helped many people and continues to benefit certain theories that have been made over many centuries. One part of the human body that has lots of answered and unanswered questions is gender identity. There are many factors when it comes to gender identity. Some people think simply: Men act as men, women act as women, and man to be with woman. It has been thought to be the â€Å"right way† for many centuries. But people are all different and to think that one way is the right way would be a misunderstanding of how the body works and what can happen to the human body if something is out of tune. Gender identity can be defined as a person’s inner sense of being male or female. Gender identity is believed to be developed during early childhood an effect of how the child was brought up by parents and societal influences. When the child reaches puberty, the influences are reinforced by hormones. Is gender identity a result of nature of nurture? What are the biological factors that play a role in gender identity? What is the difference between how the male and female develop? Does nature or nurture play a bigger role in gender identity? This will all be discussed later on in this essay, along with some of the arguments about sexual identity and how evidence from biopsychology may help resolve these arguments. There are many roles that play a part in sexual differentiation, as well as gender identity. Some of those roles are tied to biological factors or nature and yet others may be linked to environmental influences or nurture. It is impossible to know all the details, but we do know a great deal of how the body of a male versus the body of a female. The role of biological factors is largely dependent on hormones in the body system, as well as genes, gonads, chromosomes, and anatomy. During childhood, levels of circulating gonadal hormones are low, reproductive organs are immature, and males and females differ little in general appearance (Pinel 2009). When a child reaches puberty, the body makes significant changes. These changes can be seen and even heard, but these changes are also different in a boy than in a girl. While both male and female have many similarities, both also have many differences within the body. The differences in chromosomes and hormones are what completes the natural evolution of a child into an adult and ultimately decides whether the sex of a person is male or female at birth. When speaking of hormones, most people will think of testosterone for men and estrogens for women. But in fact, women produce testosterone and men produce estrogen. The difference is the ratio in which the body produces these two types of hormones. Men produce more testosterone and women produce more estrogen. There are many differences like the example above in the bodies of male and female. Increases in the release of gonadotropic hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone cause the gonads and adrenal cortex to increase their release of gonadal and adrenal hormones, which in turn initiate the maturation of the genitals and the development of secondary sex characteristics (Pinel 2009). Along with biological roles, it is also believed that the environment or surrounding of a person may be a factor of gender identity. Some of these nurture factors include one’s self-concept, social and political attitudes, and perceptions and relationships about other people. Family, peers, schooling, religious training, mass media, and popular culture are just a few of the agents through which gender socialization happens (Crossman, 2012). Through this evaluation, making a conclusion on which has more of an influence on gender identity, nature or nurture, is a hard decision to make. Reading and hearing of stories of people’s gender identity crisis has a pull towards nature, but nurture still has a big role in gender identity as well. Gender identity shapes how we think about others and ourselves and also influences our behaviors (Crossman, 2012). For example, gender differences exist in the likelihood of drug and alcohol abuse, violent behavior, depression, and aggressive driving. Gender identity also has an especially strong effect on our feelings about our appearance and our body image, especially for females (Crossman, 2012). Each of these can be linked both to biological and environment factors. The story that may have the most evident factor is the story of the twin that lost his penis. After losing his penis to a circumcision procedure, the doctor advised the parents to let doctors perform a surgery in which they castrate the boy and create an artificial vagina, and raising the boy as a female. The parents agreed, but it would later prove that their child was not acting or wanting to act as a girl. In fact, the child wanted to do things that a normal man would do and took no interest in any female activities, like playing with dolls. Even with treatment, the child still developed as a man would. When approached with an estrogen regimen at the age of twelve, the child refused not liking the changes of the estrogen. At fourteen, the now teenager decided to live as a male. Shortly after, the twin’s father decided to share the truth with his son. Now the kid could have an identity not only of himself but of his gender. He requested androgen treatment and surgery that would remove the breast and create a penis. The man regained use of his new penis with the help of androgen treatment, but was never able to reproduce children of his own. In the end, the doctors and parents could not change how the boy felt on the inside. Just how much influence does nurture have on gender identity? It could just depend on the situation in itself. There are many arguments that surround gender identity. Theorists have come up with their own opinions and views regarding gender and the why gender inequality exist. Functionalist theorists argue that men fill instrumental roles in society while women fill expressive roles, which works to the benefit of society (Crossman, 2012). Further, it is our socialization into prescribed roles that is the driving force behind gender inequality. For example, these theorists see wage inequalities as the result of choices women make, which involve family roles that compete with their work roles (Crossman, 2012). Symbolic interactionists look at gender from the micro perspective and examine gender stratification on a day-to-day level. For example, men are more likely to interrupt women in conversations and their workspaces generally reflect greater power. These theorists also focus on how gender roles are internalized by males and females (Crossman, 2012). Conflict theorists view women as disadvantaged because of power inequalities between women and men that are built into the social structure. For example, from this viewpoint, wage inequalities that exist between men and women result from men’s historic power to devalue women’s work and benefit as a group from the services that women’s labor provides (Crossman, 2012). Feminist theory emerged out of the women’s movement and aims to understand the position of women in society for the sole purpose of improving their position in society. There are four major frameworks that have developed out of feminist theory: liberal feminism, socialist feminism, radical feminism, and multiracial feminism. People will always have their own opinion about gender (Crossman, 2012). There may never be a way to solve these arguments, not until there is scientific proof or people can decide on which opinion they believe is all true. Gender identity is one’s sense of being male or female. Both biological (nature) factors and environment (nurture) influences play roles in both sexual differentiation and gender identity. Hormones are the biggest biological factor and the biggest environment influence is how one is brought up in their childhood. During the evaluation, I have thought about nature being more of a factor when it comes to gender identity, but have come to the conclusion that it may depend on the situation of a person. Through the years of research, many people have argued over gender identity and gender inequality. Theorists have formed many opinions surrounding gender identity and unless there is some kind of scientific proof the argument may continue. References Pinel, J. P. J. (2009).  Biopsychology  (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Crossman, A.  (2012).  About.com.  Retrieved from http://sociology.about.com/od/Disciplines/a/Sociology-Of- Gender.htm

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays In Girl, by Jamaica Kincaid, a mother gives advice to her young daughter about many different issues in life. The mother shows love and family togetherness by educating her daughter with her beliefs and experiences that she's encountered throughout her life. The mother very blatantly tells her daughter things she must not do in order to not be called a "slut." There are many things a young girl must learn when she is becoming a woman. There is no better teacher than her mother. There are three very important types of advice that should be given to a young girl when she is becoming a woman; education, boys and the importance of overcoming peer pressure. Jamaica Kincaid's "Girl" is written in the most unusual way, from beginning to end, the sentence structure changes. The changes in structure occur three times, which indicates to the reader the change in the mother's tone as she addresses her daughter. This also gives insight to the relationship that the mother has with her daughter. And it ultimately provides for elements within the theme of "Girl" Jamaica Kincaid's short story, "Girl" is unique in that while it clearly lacks a precise plot, it delivers a message as clearly as more traditionally crafted pieces of fiction. The story borders on being a monologue on the part of the mother as she dictates to her daughter her expected roles in life. There is no room for discussion as the mother rambles incessantly of the things expected of her daughter, most likely because the mother believes there is no room for discussion as to a woman's place in society. Through strict limitations of style, tone, and point of view, Jamaica Kincaid delivers a somber story of the rela. ...

Godfather essays

Godfather essays Francis Ford Coppolas, award winning film, The Godfather portrays a mafia family trying to survive among a crumbling empire of crime. The Godfather is more then just a movie about dog-eat-dog. With the use of great camera shots, dialogue, acting, character development, and storyline Coppola was able to create a classic masterpiece. The agreement of criminality and family honor is achieved with perfect accuracy. The Godfather portrays themes such as power, violence, love and betrayal. Through these various themes Coppola creates a purpose, which allows the audience to identify with the Corleone family. The Godfather is for certain entertaining, but entertainment is not Coppolas main purpose in creating this film. Coppola displays a strong emphasis on family and family values. The Godfather is a story about a family and the importance of staying together. In the past traditional American families were stereotyped from television shows such as Leave it to Beaver and The Brady Bunch. These families hold the stay at home mom who cooks and cleans for her working husband and the children who may get into trouble, but seem all too perfect. As America continues to get older the stereotypical family seems harder to believe. The Godfather displays a family that some may view as dysfunctional, but through the plot one understands they hold true family values. For instance, the Don never wanted his son Michael in the family business but instead wanted him to have a respectable job. Through displaying a different natured family Coppola is able to create the image that family worth is not based on how perfect the family seems. The Corleone family is involved in a business of crime. However, Coppola balances the story between family life and the ugly business in which they are engaged. No matter how ugly or sinful the business gets the love and respect this family has within their h ...

Albert Camus Essay Example for Free (#2)

Albert Camus Essay ? How Aschenbach and Meursault in Death in Venice and The Stranger respectively, are driven by mind initially then change to being driven by the heart as the result of a key event In both The Stranger and Death in Venice, the characters change as the book progresses. There is mainly one action that sparks this drastic change. In The Stranger, this action is the murder of Raymond’s mistress’ brother, and in Death in Venice this critical moment occurs when Aschenbach has the sudden urge to travel. Aschenbach and Meursault are both characters that move from one extreme to the other. They begin as characters who make decisions based solely on what their mind tells them. As the novel develops, these characters move to the other extreme, which is making decisions based solely on what their heart tells them. This transition from extreme logical thinking to extreme emotional thinking is what leads to the downfall of both Aschenbach and Meursault. As the novel begins, Thomas Mann introduces Aschenbach as a fairly likable German writer. Initially the reader sees Aschenbach as a normal character anyone can relate to. He lives a very stable life, and has never traveled before. Aschenbach is a character who is extremely involved in his work and one who organizes his entire life based on how he can best achieve quality in his work. At this point in the novel Aschenbach makes all his decisions using his mind rather than his heart. While taking a stroll, Aschenbach sees a man with red hair as well as long teeth. It is this man that pushes his mind in to traveling. Aschenbach begins to change as soon as he sets his mind to travel. In his daydream regarding his adventure he envisions a â€Å"†¦ landscape, a tropical swampy region under a vapor-laden sky, damp, luxuriant and uncanny; it was like the portrait of a primitive world of islands morasses and slit-laden rivers† (pg 3, Mann). The symbol of Aschenbach’s departure on this journey is the sign of the beginning of his decline. It is from this point on that Aschenbach transforms from being a normal man who makes logical decisions with is brain, to one that makes decisions with his heart. As Aschenbach’s journey progresses, he notices many men with red hair and long white teeth like the one that inspired him to travel. This shows the constant rapid declining of Aschenbach. His first sight of Tadzio in the hotel marks the beginning of the extreme heart-driven Aschenbach. His description of Tadzio clearly portrays his obsession. â€Å"With astonishment Aschenbach observed that the boy was perfectly beautiful. His face, pale and charmingly secretive with the honey-colored hair curling around it, with its straight-sloping nose, its lovely mouth and its expression of sweet and divine earnestness recalled Greek statues of the noblest period, and, along with its extremely pure perfection of form, it was of such unique personal charm that the onlooker thought he had never come across anything so felicitous either in nature or in art† (pg 20, Mann). Once Aschenbach begins to follow Tadzio’s every step, the reader notices that Aschenbach is becoming more and more indulged in Tadzio’s life rather than his own. â€Å"His head and his heart were drunk, and his steps followed the dictates of that dark god whose pleasure it is to trample man’s reason and dignity underfoot†. Even when Aschenbach learns of an epidemic, he realizes that if he dies along with Tadzio, they will be able to meet in heaven. Aschenbach loses total control of his mind and gives in to Venice, a â€Å"city, half fairy tale and half tourist trap, in whose insalubrious air the arts once rankly and voluptuously blossomed, where composers have been inspired to lulling tones of somniferous eroticism. † Even when given the opportunity to leave Venice and escape cholera, his love for Tadzio weighs him down. Aschenbach then has fantasies about everyone else dying, and him being left alone with Tadzio. Now it can be clearly seen that Aschenbach’s passion is coming directly from the heart, and no thinking is being done on his part. This extreme obsession from Aschenbach’s heart immediately leads to his downfall. He dies in his chair, and it is hours before anyone notices. Albert Camus introduces Meursault as a character people are quite taken aback by. Albert Camus. (2017, Oct 02).

Global Marketing and Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Marketing and Consumer Culture - Essay Example The emerging global consumer culture is pushing people to live under a single system. There exist variations between exposure to global flows and the extent to which people identify themselves with the mainstream global trends. Bicultural identities have been formed through globalization (Ritzer 2002). One aspect of the emerging culture is a robust connection with the traditional culture while the other is linked to the emerging global consumer culture. The global consumer culture has caused an enormous impact in cosmopolitan regions. Globalization has led to the need for marketers to standardize, localize or use hybrid strategies while promoting products and services. The differences between local and international markets are becoming minimal and the global culture continues to harmonize consumer expectations.Consumption is increasingly being perceived as a social behavior and a cultural complex (Merz et al 2008). Consumption is a complex social function that goes beyond mere purch ases. Therefore, consumption is affected by stimulus. The subculture of the consumers’ social ecosystem plays a central role in the process (Breckenridge 2002). The world appears to be turning into one enormous McDonalds dominated by multinationals, brands and nationalism. New local cultures are being created while traditional cultures are getting discarded. The unprecedented global and cultural transformations have started a new phase of expansion in which cosmopolitan culture is driven from a unified front. (Breckenridge 2002). Cross-cultural connections are affordable and national limitations in terms of consumer preferences appear to be increasingly becoming minimal (Agrawal 2008). This has led to a level of global integration in terms of perceptions, preferences and consumer tastes. The flow of commodities has been on the rise and countries and nations have been forced to depend on each other for food and essential commodities (Cashmore 1997). This has led to a dramatic increase in the manufactured good (Breckenridge 2002). Consumption of good designed in foreign markets is becoming acceptable even in the most conservative societies. The threat to the existence of traditions has been realized through an increase in consumption of European and American goods (Merz et al 2008). Local cultures and economic autonomy is increasingly becoming lost (Cashmore 1997). The most populous nations are going through cultural and consumer revolutions. A compelling example is China. There seems to be a predisposition towards social emulation. Market place choices are motivated by matching, imitation, and influence (Agrawal 2008). There is a social engineering of marketers and advertisers targeting the social marketplace. Consumers need continue to be increasingly harmonized and even among different global markets (Ritzer 2002). There is rapid circulation n products and intensive exchange among social groups. The power and autonomy of consumers has been growing (Breckenridge 2002). This has caused many consumers to source for the finest goods and services in the foreign markets. Globalization and international marketing by

Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations Coursework

Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations - Coursework Example The auditing criteria which we applied in the analysis were in accordance with the U.S generally acceptable auditing standards. According to the regulations, we are required to undertake the audit process so that assurance is provided to the company that no sign of material misstatement was exhibited in their financial statements. The audit considered assessment of accounting principles, the presentation of statements and the supporting evidences for the amount and disclosures as provided by the financial statements of the organization. Being a respected institution in the field, our opinion would be an asset for future financial management plan. Under this section the analysis would show an evaluation of the general financial profile of the organization. The interpretation of the HCF data would be captured which will summarize the figures as extracted from the combined financial statements of cash flow, balance sheet, equity statement and income statement as was prior prepared by the organization. According to figures as was posted in the balance sheet, total asset for the year 2003 was $238,365. This increased to $265,784 in 2004; $276,975 in 2005; $287,983 in 2006 and $311,140 thousand in the year 2007. Basically, the combined total resource between 2003 and 2007 experienced an increment of $72,775 thousand dollars which is an equivalent of 30.53 percent. Referring to the combined liability values, the company reported $39,458 thousands dollar of total liabilities in 2003; $51313 thousands in 2004; 44960 thousands in 2005; $41,277 in 2006 and $45,432 thousands in 2007. There was a general increase in the combined liabilities with the financial year 2003 and year 2004 reporting the highest percentage increment of 30.04 percent. The overall change in total liabilities within the period of analysis however, was slightly lower because the value declined in 2007 to ($5974 thousands) which is an

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care - Essay Example Although the coverage changes will largely take effect after 2014, yet the changes made so far are likely to benefit the rural people by improving their coverage rates. Children in the family plans would be qualifying for coverage up to 26 years of age as dependents. The implementation of changes would develop high-risk pools which would be particularly meant for those whose health conditions have existed for quite a while in the past. Owners of petty businesses as well as their workers would benefit from the subsidies and the addition of tax credits. People in rural frontier and nonadjacent areas conventionally have very low rates of health care insurance as compared to those in the urban regions. Therefore, effects of the provisions of ACA will generally be much more profound in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Rural people happily accept to work for little compensation. Volume of business does not matter much for them. It is important to note that the effect of ACA in rural regions will be the aggregate of appreciable advancements in coverage, which would be steadied by the imposed limitations on payments to the health care providers in rural areas particularly through such programs as the Medicare program.

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations - Essay Example Enzymes are as well used in laundry detergents to assist break up grease and other complex marks. With the intention of understanding the actions of enzymes, it is significant to know that the majority of chemicals in food are merely too huge and compound for human body to use as is. Proteins, for instance, are elongated chains of amino acids, and yet widespread sugars and starches can be extremely compound chemicals. Just as one cannot consume large lumps completely, but have to chew on bite-size pieces, the majority of chemicals inflowing the body must be conked down previous to they can be put to use (Siriwan, Bryden and Annison, 1994, Pg 15-16) . Enzymes reorganize or tear these chemicals into smaller "bite-size" pieces prepared for additional chemical reaction. For instance, table sugar (sucrose) is actually two simple sugars, chemically connected, that are estranged by the enzyme sucrase during absorption. The body can then use the ensuing uncomplicated sugars, glucose and fructose. Medical knowledge has extensively used assured enzymes with advantageous consequences. Fibrinolytic enzymes--which assist break up blood clots--have been utilized to clean injuries that have dried out and clotted beneath unhygienic circumstances. Enzymes are also used as a substitute to spinal operation to mend the outflow of a cracked disk. In this handling, the substance that has "leaked" out of the disk is suspended by action of the enzyme chymopapain. Enzymes are also imperative pointers of body tasks. From assimilating foods to metabolizing drugs, enzymes are a fundamental element of our bodies. And with genetic production and recombinant DNA expertise presently in progress, it appears probably that many of the familiar enzyme lack diseases will turn out to be handy if not cured. One enzyme under consideration in our study today is "Phytase" due to its extensive use in poultry industry. According to Moore (2003, Pg 65) Dietary prerequisite of phosphorus and its accessibility in plant source feedstuffs are important subjects in poultry nourishment. It is renowned that the phosphorus accessibility from plant foundation for instance corn and soybean meal is inadequate to 30-40 percent. This short accessibility is accredited too much of the plant's phosphorus being in the shape of phytates (Myoinositol hexaphosphates). Phosphorus is there in the form of phytic acid as a compound of cations (Ca, Mg, Zn and K) and/or proteins. Poultry is short of adequate quantity of endogenous phytase in the gastrointestinal territory to hydrolyze the phytate molecule and discharge the inorganic phosphorus. This demands adding up costly inorganic resources of phosphorus to persuade dietary prerequisites. Adding up inorganic phosphorus, though, effects in disproportionate emission of phosphorus in manure, pretentiousness an environmental worry, particularly in concentrated animal production. This augmented environmental apprehension that has shaped much attention in phytase consumption in current years. Phytases are a collection of enzymes that catalyze the stepwise exclusion of inorganic orthophosphate from phytic acid. (Sebastian, Touchburn and Chavez, 1998, Pg 27-28) These enzymes take place in cereals and are produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeast

Relegion Islamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Relegion Islamic - Essay Example The Ansar, represented by the Khazraj and the Aws tribes, determined that both the future of the nascent religion and the welfare of the community demand the immediate selection of a leader. Abu Bakr and Umar, who, alongside Ali Bin Abi Taleb, are controvertibly regarded as the Prophet's closest companions, were not present at the Saqifa at that time. Upon, however, being informed of the gathering, they rushed to participate. The Muhajirun, however, were not informed of the gathering and, thus, the Meccan Muslim immigrants were not represented at this seminal meeting. Within the context of the Sunni-Shiite division, the identity of the participants, or those present at Saqifat Bani Sa'ida is of critical importance. As noted in the preceding, while the Ansar were represented in their collectivity, the Muhajirun were not and then, later, only by Abu Bakr and Umar. More significantly, Ahl Al Bayt were not present. As Ibn Ishaq (1982, 201-206) quite explicitly notes in his Sira, the Prophet's closet family, those being Ali, Fatima Al Zahra, and Khadija bint Abu Bakr, were not present at Saqifat Bani Sa'ida as they were preparing the Prophet's body for burial. The implication here is not only that their opinion was neither given nor taken but, from the Shiite perspective, that one of those who would have figured as the natural choice for succession was not present: Ali Ibn Abi Taleb. It is within the context of the absence of most of the Muhajirun and the totality of Ahl Al Bayt that Abu Bakr become the Prophet's successor, the umma's first caliph. Yawm al-Saqifa, as reported by Ibn Ishaq (qtd. In Ibn Hashem, 1994, 127-131), was a prolonged and acerbic affair. The Ansar were, from the outset, adamantly opposed to the selection of either a member of Ahl al Bayt or a Muhajir, preferring one of their own. Abu Bakr addressed the Ansar's opposition, arguing that the only a member of Quraysh, Mecca's leading clan, could possibly maintain the Islamic umma and sustain its unity. The reasons, as given by Abu Bakr, were the universal recognition of Quraysh's nobility and its worthiness of leadership. It was, thus, that Abu Bakr suggested that those present select either Umar or him as the Prophet's successor (Ibn Hashem, 1994, 127-131). Needless to say, the Ansar maintain their opposition, with the aforementioned being carried forth by one of their more powerful tribal chiefs, Bashir ibn Sa'd ibn Tha'laba. Indeed, utterly rejected the notion of governance by either Umar or Abu Bakr, the Ansar suggested that they elected their own leader and the Muhajirun their own. At this point, Ibn Ishaq (1982, 209), reports that the meeting went temporarily out of control to the extent that it seemed that the umma had already, only hours after the Prophet's death, divided amongst itself. This was, apparently, Umar's sentiments, whereupon he responded to the said proposal by taking hold of Abu Bakr's hand and swearing an oath of allegiance to him as the leader of the umma. The Ansar, as Ibn Ishaq (1982, 210) continues, however, were not to succumb easily and Sa'd ibn Ubada, the leader of the Khazraj Ansar

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care - Essay Example Although the coverage changes will largely take effect after 2014, yet the changes made so far are likely to benefit the rural people by improving their coverage rates. Children in the family plans would be qualifying for coverage up to 26 years of age as dependents. The implementation of changes would develop high-risk pools which would be particularly meant for those whose health conditions have existed for quite a while in the past. Owners of petty businesses as well as their workers would benefit from the subsidies and the addition of tax credits. People in rural frontier and nonadjacent areas conventionally have very low rates of health care insurance as compared to those in the urban regions. Therefore, effects of the provisions of ACA will generally be much more profound in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Rural people happily accept to work for little compensation. Volume of business does not matter much for them. It is important to note that the effect of ACA in rural regions will be the aggregate of appreciable advancements in coverage, which would be steadied by the imposed limitations on payments to the health care providers in rural areas particularly through such programs as the Medicare program.

Relegion Islamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Relegion Islamic - Essay Example The Ansar, represented by the Khazraj and the Aws tribes, determined that both the future of the nascent religion and the welfare of the community demand the immediate selection of a leader. Abu Bakr and Umar, who, alongside Ali Bin Abi Taleb, are controvertibly regarded as the Prophet's closest companions, were not present at the Saqifa at that time. Upon, however, being informed of the gathering, they rushed to participate. The Muhajirun, however, were not informed of the gathering and, thus, the Meccan Muslim immigrants were not represented at this seminal meeting. Within the context of the Sunni-Shiite division, the identity of the participants, or those present at Saqifat Bani Sa'ida is of critical importance. As noted in the preceding, while the Ansar were represented in their collectivity, the Muhajirun were not and then, later, only by Abu Bakr and Umar. More significantly, Ahl Al Bayt were not present. As Ibn Ishaq (1982, 201-206) quite explicitly notes in his Sira, the Prophet's closet family, those being Ali, Fatima Al Zahra, and Khadija bint Abu Bakr, were not present at Saqifat Bani Sa'ida as they were preparing the Prophet's body for burial. The implication here is not only that their opinion was neither given nor taken but, from the Shiite perspective, that one of those who would have figured as the natural choice for succession was not present: Ali Ibn Abi Taleb. It is within the context of the absence of most of the Muhajirun and the totality of Ahl Al Bayt that Abu Bakr become the Prophet's successor, the umma's first caliph. Yawm al-Saqifa, as reported by Ibn Ishaq (qtd. In Ibn Hashem, 1994, 127-131), was a prolonged and acerbic affair. The Ansar were, from the outset, adamantly opposed to the selection of either a member of Ahl al Bayt or a Muhajir, preferring one of their own. Abu Bakr addressed the Ansar's opposition, arguing that the only a member of Quraysh, Mecca's leading clan, could possibly maintain the Islamic umma and sustain its unity. The reasons, as given by Abu Bakr, were the universal recognition of Quraysh's nobility and its worthiness of leadership. It was, thus, that Abu Bakr suggested that those present select either Umar or him as the Prophet's successor (Ibn Hashem, 1994, 127-131). Needless to say, the Ansar maintain their opposition, with the aforementioned being carried forth by one of their more powerful tribal chiefs, Bashir ibn Sa'd ibn Tha'laba. Indeed, utterly rejected the notion of governance by either Umar or Abu Bakr, the Ansar suggested that they elected their own leader and the Muhajirun their own. At this point, Ibn Ishaq (1982, 209), reports that the meeting went temporarily out of control to the extent that it seemed that the umma had already, only hours after the Prophet's death, divided amongst itself. This was, apparently, Umar's sentiments, whereupon he responded to the said proposal by taking hold of Abu Bakr's hand and swearing an oath of allegiance to him as the leader of the umma. The Ansar, as Ibn Ishaq (1982, 210) continues, however, were not to succumb easily and Sa'd ibn Ubada, the leader of the Khazraj Ansar

The article The Mountain Man and American Anguish Essay Example for Free

The article The Mountain Man and American Anguish Essay In the article, The Mountain Man and American Anguish in the Journal of Popular Film Television, Patrick McCarthy reflects on movie production and the image of mountain men. Contrary to how mountain men are shown in contemporary American pop culture media, McCarthy claims that there is a greater connection between that period of time and the different cultural challenges we face today. Staying consistent to the tune of his article, McCarthy claims modern media has skewed the reality of the life of the mountain man. He disagrees with how modern American pop culture portrays the mountain man. McCarthy references movies including the â€Å"Adventures of Kit Carson† and â€Å"The Oregon Trail,† as well as other movies, all of which depict mountain men as uncouth ruffians lacking any form of human nature or any civilized attributes. He attempts to illustrate that the mountain men were actually a very real reflection of contemporary society, that is people overwhelmed by lack of any control of their lives or controlled by a sadistic pleasure in inflicting pain. According to McCarthy, many things contributed to these circumstances: remoteness, self debasement and other less than ideal conditions. It resembles current situations in which people feel the overpowering conviction that they are devoid of control over their own life and lack of liberty. The portrayal of mountain men in this fashion should convince contemporary society that finding solutions in adverse situations is within the power of any collective people. All that is necessary is determination and undying resilience. As far as can be ascertained from historical documents, mountain men demonstrated the necessary ability to carve out a living independent of outside help. In The Mountain Man and American Anguish, Patrick McCarthy reveals good insight but is not free from his share of imperfections. The article bases most of its argument on how todays film industry falsely portrays past and present cultures. The article utilizes popular culture to draw people down to earth, in respect to the vast value of how the American populace is viewed in a time of agony. The article has a limited review of the whole picture. It only reviews a limited amount of movies which is important to the picture Hollywood presents. the mountain man, it would be much better if the article  listed movies with a more accurate portrayal of mountain men. Works Cited McCarthy, Patrick. The Mountain Man and American Anguish. Journal of Popular Film

Learning Theories and Cognitive Development

Learning Theories and Cognitive Development Vygotsky, Bruner, and Dienes share the cognitive viewpoint of learning. Lev Vygotsky, a constructive theorist, viewed social and cognitive development as working jointly while building on each other. One of Vygotskys major contributions to understanding child development, is the concept of the zone of proximal development (Mooney, 2013). Vygotsky believed this concept to be the difference between what a child can accomplish on his own, and what he can do with the assistance of a teacher or peer. In conjunction with the zone of proximal development, scaffolding is vital to a childs development. In Vygotskys view, scaffolding is instrumental in the childs development of knowledge and skills (Shemmar Al-Thani, 2015). Vygotsky advocated for observation in promoting a childs development. Teachers become familiar with a childs development through listening and watching his behavior, in this way, a greater degree of learning occurs as the teacher is aware of what the student knows, and can relate it to learning new concepts. In Vygotskys view, social interaction promotes individualized thinking. Concerned with the process of learning and instruction, Jerome Bruners theory supports children learning through guidance and support. Similar to Vygotsky, Bruner believed instructional scaffolding to be vital to a childs cognitive development. In Bruners view, any student can be taught any subject regardless of his stage of development, given support is provided in the right way, at the right time (Choudhry, 2013). An advocate for discovery learning, Bruner believed learning to be an active process. Learners create new ideas or concepts based on existing knowledge. Bruners theory of learning was based on children learning through three phases of cognitive development in which he or she progresses: the enactive phase, iconic stage, and the symbolic mode (Choudhry, 2013). Focusing primarily on mathematics, Zoltan Dienes theory of learning includes applying teaching practices that consider childrens learning styles, and the rate their learning occurs (Gningue, 2016). Dienes theory includes the use of manipulative materials, games and stories. He believed at an earlier age than previously thought, children can comprehend complicated math concepts than previously assumed. Per Dienes theory, mastering a new concept is a process that evolves over time, and involves the child progressing through stages, or cycles of learning (Gningue, 2016). Vygotsky, Bruner, and Dienes Versus Piaget The work of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are often compared because they both acknowledged the participation of individuals in constructing knowledge; however, there are also differences in their schools of thought. Central to Piagets theory, cognitive development follows four universal stages, in which more sophisticated, and abstract thought increases. Piagets theory holds that stages occur in the same order, building on knowledge gained from the previous stage, and grouped according to age in which the childs abilities are classified. Vygotsky took the position that through adult assistance, a child is gradually capable of performing tasks without assistance. Development is a result of the childs interaction with assimilation and accommodation in which a balance between preexisting concepts and new information is attained, and new knowledge is constructed (Choudhry, 2013). Piaget thought that a child is actively involved in his learning, and learning was a result of the childs int eraction with his environment. Vygotsky also considered children as active participants in their learning; however, he focused on the impact of social interaction and language on a childs cognitive development, and believed personal and social experiences cannot be separated (Mooney, 2013). Another similarity of Vygotsky and Piaget, is their view on the importance of play in a childs development and learning. In contrast to Piagets stage theory of a childs development, Bruner believed children could learn any subject with the support and guidance of an adult. Bruner, like Piaget, saw children as actively involved in their learning process. Similar to Piagets stages, Bruners theory also consisted of phases of development in which children progress as they learn and develop. However, Bruners modes were interrelated, unlike Piagets specifically defined stages. Unlike Piaget, Dienes focused primarily on childrens learning and development of mathematical concepts. Dienes theory involves progressive stages to learning math, much like Piagets theory of cognitive development. Piaget proposed that children learn best from concrete activities, similarly Dienes theory also emphasized the importance of children learning through the use of manipulative materials (Gningue, 2016). Additional Theorists John Dewey was instrumental in developing theories regarding young childrens learning and development. In agreement with Piaget and Vygotsky, Dewey saw the child as an active part of his learning process, and learning as child centered, and interactive (Mooney, 2013). Dewey believe the childs social world and community to be vital to his development. Dewey emphasized the role of the teacher in observing students to understand what kind of experiences they were interested in, and plan curriculum to help children understand his or her world. Maria Montessori developed a child centered approach to learning. She believed children learn skills, including language, naturally from his or her environment, and placed emphasis on preparation of the learning environment (Mooney, 2013). Montessoris work suggests that the most critical time of learning is during the first years of life, and learning comes through manipulation of the environment and training of the senses (Platz Arellano, 2011). Montessoris curriculum was based on the philosophy that educators should be passive but provide guidance as children are active participants in their learning process. John Locke saw children as a blank slate in their nature and ability to learn (Platz Arellano, 2011). Childrens nature and learning are influenced by their environment, and their early experiences had a lasting effect on their future. Locke also saw children as individuals who should be raised based on their individuality and taught according to their individual needs (Platz Arellano, 2011). Lockes view supports teaching children to read as soon as they learn to speak. Credited with the development of kindergarten curriculum, Froebel saw the importance of using play as a teaching strategy for young children. Froebels play curriculum did not include instruction on reading, writing, or counting (Platz Arellano, 2011). Play, games, and songs are vital to developing attitudes of cooperation and self-control in children. Froebel believed block play to be essential in child development as it represented the building blocks of the universe (Platz Arellano, 2011). References Choudhry, M. (2013). Constructivism: Way to new learning. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 3(2), 276-284. Gningue, S. M. (2016). Remembering Zoltan Dienes, a Maverick of Mathematics Teaching and Learning: Applying the Variability Principles to Teach Algebra. International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning, 17(2). Retrieved from http://www.cimt.org.uk/ijmtl/index.php/IJMTL/article/view/17 Platz D. and Arellano, J. (2011) Time tested early childhood theories and practices. Education. 32(1), 54-61. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-269228798/time-tested-early-childhood-theories-and-practices

Philoaophy Of Law :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In comparing the issues surrounding the distribution and depiction of pornographic and racist materials, very few differences, if any, can be derived from the two. Besides the obvious differences in which one form appeals itself to the adult community and the other to the racist community, the two extremes, nonetheless, fall under a much broader category. They are both recognized and valid forms of speech, and as such are equally entitled to the same constitutional protection provided by the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment as are various other legitimate forms of speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the situation provided before us, we are asked to determine whether an individual should possess the right to distribute racist films graphically depicting whites verbally abusing, beating, and urinating upon blacks. My immediate response to the question would undoubtedly argue that such morally offensive material should not be allowed constitutional protection. The mere mentioning of such a proposition strikes anger at the heart of moral conscience. But, my moral convictions are not, nor are anyone else’s for that matter, sufficient grounds to deny anyone their First Amendment right to freely engage in the distribution of such material if they so desire to do so. Moreover, the First Amendment clearly dictates that Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech. Thus, as a long established and highly empowered legal doctrine, it must ultimately be respected by the government to the fullest extent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Amendment do es not state, nor does it imply, that only specific forms of speech which are morally just shall be free of governmental interference, while other forms believed to be offensive to social morality, such as pornography or racist films, shall not enjoy such a privilege. If that were to be the actual case, â€Å"freedom of speech,† which has long been revered by our nation as one of the fundamental liberties of American history, would further cease to exist. All that would have to be proven to restrict speech would be that the message being expressed contains the slightest mention of morally offensive content. Fortunately, however, the freedom of speech clause grants people the power to convey their opinions in the manner which they deem fit. Thus, if the owner of a video store chooses to sell videos in which African-Americans are repeatedly verbally and physically abused, then ultimately his right to do so must be respected.

We Should Skydive To Work :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standing in the doorway of the plane I still felt grounded. The equipment weighed heavily on my back, the floor pressed against my feet, and the straps pulled on my legs and shoulders. Looking down the only thing I saw was the world in a collage of colored dots as I made sure I spotted my target for landing. My phobia of heights and flying suddenly hit me like a railroad train. I could feel my heart beat from all parts of my body. Gradually, my fears turned into excitement as I longed for the freedom of flight, I leapt. Touching nothing but air I felt the exhilarating rush of adrenaline as I soared through the sky at 120 miles per hour. I was in control. My every nerve tingled with excitement. That smooth collage of color miles below may be where I lived but this was where I was most alive! For sixty seconds of eternity I was completely free of all worldly concerns; it was just me and the sky. Skydiving is an activity and sport in which people jump out of an aircraft, alone or in groups, and land by using a parachute. Because of the sensation of leaping into the air and free-falling some distance before opening their parachutes, skydivers usually experience a rush of adrenaline and then a peaceful sense of well-being. This feeling of calm lasts long after they land on the ground. Before feeling that calm however, my mind was like many people’s out there, and I could not understand why I had convinced myself to jump out of a perfectly good airplane. I assumed that only reckless stuntmen skydive, and that it was the most dangerous thing a person could experience. Now that I have actually jumped out of a plane, I can easily disagree with the doubts of non-skydivers. Although skydiving may be seen as dangerous or even careless, it is actually one of the safest extreme sports, even researched to be safer than driving a car. Why do people see skydiving as particularly dangerous? First of all, be honest: It’s not bowling. A skydiver, after all is jumping out of an airplane and hurtling 12,000 feet towards the ground at 120 miles per hour. The most common reason why people see skydiving as so dangerous is because it is a popular phobia among people. Acrophobia, or the fear of heights, is one of the top phobias in the world. We Should Skydive To Work :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standing in the doorway of the plane I still felt grounded. The equipment weighed heavily on my back, the floor pressed against my feet, and the straps pulled on my legs and shoulders. Looking down the only thing I saw was the world in a collage of colored dots as I made sure I spotted my target for landing. My phobia of heights and flying suddenly hit me like a railroad train. I could feel my heart beat from all parts of my body. Gradually, my fears turned into excitement as I longed for the freedom of flight, I leapt. Touching nothing but air I felt the exhilarating rush of adrenaline as I soared through the sky at 120 miles per hour. I was in control. My every nerve tingled with excitement. That smooth collage of color miles below may be where I lived but this was where I was most alive! For sixty seconds of eternity I was completely free of all worldly concerns; it was just me and the sky. Skydiving is an activity and sport in which people jump out of an aircraft, alone or in groups, and land by using a parachute. Because of the sensation of leaping into the air and free-falling some distance before opening their parachutes, skydivers usually experience a rush of adrenaline and then a peaceful sense of well-being. This feeling of calm lasts long after they land on the ground. Before feeling that calm however, my mind was like many people’s out there, and I could not understand why I had convinced myself to jump out of a perfectly good airplane. I assumed that only reckless stuntmen skydive, and that it was the most dangerous thing a person could experience. Now that I have actually jumped out of a plane, I can easily disagree with the doubts of non-skydivers. Although skydiving may be seen as dangerous or even careless, it is actually one of the safest extreme sports, even researched to be safer than driving a car. Why do people see skydiving as particularly dangerous? First of all, be honest: It’s not bowling. A skydiver, after all is jumping out of an airplane and hurtling 12,000 feet towards the ground at 120 miles per hour. The most common reason why people see skydiving as so dangerous is because it is a popular phobia among people. Acrophobia, or the fear of heights, is one of the top phobias in the world.

Abstract: Understanding the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Women’s Sexuality

Colangelo, J. J. , & Keefe-Cooperman, K. (2012). Understanding the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Women's Sexuality. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling, 34(1), 14-37. The purpose of this study was to show how childhood sexual abuse (CSA) victims often are faced with negative psychological and emotional consequences which have profound effects on their lives, as well as their sexuality. The intent of the authors was to show the occurrence of CSA among different women populations, and how it negatively affects them for the rest of their lives.The authors also discuss different suggestions for counselors dealing with these CSA victims, and how they must have a vast understanding of how these women compromise their sex lives because of the trauma. The authors state at the beginning of the article that â€Å"the relationship between child sexual abuse and adult sexual functioning is well-established. †(pg 14) So, the author’s intent with this article was to not only pr ovide additional information regarding CSA victims and how that negatively impacts their lives, but provide insight for counselors who are treating these women.The authors explain the different approaches that counselors must practice, and how these can help the CSA victims. The authors’ intentions were not to do a study, but to help people better understand the issue. Although they pulled different statistics from various articles and books explaining how CSA victims are negatively affected through their sexuality, they provided the readers with a specific example, a case study. The case study addresses the issue by giving an example of a girl named Marie.She was sexually abused as a young girl, but successfully received treatment and counseling, which helped her deal with her CSA issues. After a few years, she found her significant other. The problem was, though, she started experiencing â€Å"intense fear of intimacy, and distressing memories re-emerged. † (pg. 24) The authors go onto explain that the initial counseling did not successfully address the issue with intimacy because she was so young. So, they started a different approach which had three different phases for Marie and her fiance.Phase one was â€Å"Therapeutic Alliance† which focused on establishing rapport between the counselor and Marie, which involved different questions, stories, and advice. This would be the foundation for the entire process. Phase two was â€Å"Addressing CSA Trauma Symptoms† which dealt with all the side effects that Marie was experiencing. She initially had a lot of emotional distress and many different situations triggered the experience where she was sexually abused. The phase-oriented trauma-based approach emphasizes addressing the original sexual trauma as the genesis of maladaptive behavioral responses by working through it, helping women first to relive and revise the traumatic experience and then to acquire healthier coping strategies to replace those created to survive the traumatic experience. † (pg. 26) Phase three was â€Å"Individual Growth and Sexual Development† which centered around addressing different sexual concerns with the couple, but moving at their own pace.As said in the case study, Marie started bettering herself by focusing on her development as a person. Although she was always apprehensive when it came to sexual activity, her issues got better, and this helped the relationship with Bob. Treatment for the couple continued after they got married, which helped them in the long-run. There is a lot of documentation and support providing the huge impact that childhood sexual abuse has on each victim. The aim of this article was to give counselors insight on different treatments, and especially address the specific sexual problems that derive from CSA.The authors discuss treatment techniques and different exercises which help various types of clients that seek treatment. The authors go o nto explain that the counselors are the most vital part of the process, they create an environment where they can better themselves and move past the CSA. The authors of this article want the readers to understand the underlying issues and problems that many women face after they have been sexually abused as a child. Usually people recognize that women face sexual problems after they have been abused, but don’t really understand what they go through, or how to help.So, this can be used as a guide for counselors on CSA victims about who they are, how they react to their situations, and ways they can be successful in the future. By writing this article, the authors wanted to help mental health counselors approach the CSA victims in way where they could be better understood. I found this article persuasive in a sense that the authors make the readers really see what these women go through after they are sexually abused as a child. The authors used plenty of statistics, different references, and thorough information on the sexual disorders that derive from CSA and post-health for the victims.I believe the authors did an agreeable amount of research which persuaded the audience to feel for the victims and really a ppreciate the work that must be done so they can deal with their issues. One of the only issues I had was that the authors did not conduct an experiment of their own. I was hoping to see a survey that they had researched and developed, but their case study was more of the focal point of the article. I believe that if they would have done an actual research method themselves, rather than using statistics from elsewhere, there would have been a little more support for their argument.In my opinion, the article was very easy to understand and well written. Each section had its own title, different paragraphs, and organized accordingly. I like the fact that the researchers had a specific case study in which they presented in the article. I believe it he lped the readers understand the article better, and seeing a true example validated the information. By organizing it into different sections, it helped me understand the content better and made reading it easy. Also, this helped me want to read more.Once I read the introduction, I kept wanting to read further, and learn more. The authors did a good job at making me think about the subject matter and get me excited to learn about it. Lastly, the authors of the article did a decent job at tying in other literature and different research. Like I said earlier, they mainly pulled statistics and other information from books and journals, and this supported their claims. By using a third party for more information, this helped the audience understand the problems better.

Ethical Decisions Essay

Every individual is faces with ethical decisions every day in both their personal and professional lives. To avoid making unethical decisions, one must know what leads to poor decision making. Once a person knows what leads to the poor decision, they must find ways to resist making an unethical act. A person cannot make the right choice if they do not know how to avoid it. A leader must also know how to inspire ethical decisions within their staff. This paper covers ways to avoid making poor decisions and ways to making ethical ones. Poor Decision Characteristics While there are many ways one can be ethical, Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt suggest there are three essential traits one makes when a poor decision is made (1966/2010, p. 115). The fist common mistake of poor decision-making is when one forgets the goal that was previous set by him or herself or the organization. A person or the organization must keep all of their goals in mind when making decision, and many times individuals forget these goals. Overconfidence is another trait of poor decision-making. One aspect of overconfidence being that nobody will notice a little mistake made for correction later. For example, a manager may take a few dollars from the business expecting to put it back later and then a few more and later still more. However tomorrow never comes and before long, that first few dollars turns into hundreds or thousands. In the organization of my employment a small loan company as well as the owner’s stock car team on the side exists. The loan company sponsors the racing, and a year ago, the organization moved from the Midwest to the heart of NASCAR country. Once the owner arrived, he decided to buy the best equipment for the race team using funds from the loan company. While the spending spree may have been ok in the past, the owner did not take into account that need of hiring and training of new employees. When the new employees made poor lending decisions, combined with his spending, the organization almost went bankrupt. The other aspect of overconfidence is confirmation bias or â€Å"we  must be doing things the right way because all has gone well in the past† (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 116). The overconfidence shows in the example of the overspending by the owner of the organization’s statement: â€Å"Oh, it will all work out, because it always has†. The last trait of poor decision-making occurs when the issues are too complex and not realized for their complexity. Individuals may not realize the complexity of the issue and underestimate the issue. In the lending business, should we as an organization not know the laws of each state when it comes to lending, we can face serious legal issues should we make a loan to a resident of a state in which short term lending, such as we do, is illegal. Resisting Unethical Acts Resisting unethical acts, many times, is easier said than done. In order to do so, a person must first recognize that what they are about to do is unethical (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 116). The first way to avoid making an unethical decision is to buy some time before acting. An individual must take some time, analyze the situation, and if need be, find other ways to accomplish the task at hand without being unethical. The next tactic is to seek out help from a mentor or support group. While an individual may not have the ethical solution to a problem at hand, many times others will. There have been many times when I have sought the advice of others prior to making a decision, which I think may be unethical. Using the previous example of making a loan to someone in a state in which it is illegal, I may ask the advice of a co-worker before I make the loan. The last way to resist making an unethical act is to find a better solution in which everyone wins. This goes hand in hand with one buying some time before acting upon an unethical act. Analyzing the situation, and getting all the facts may lead to a decision in which one makes an ethical decision while meeting the requirements of the direction one has been given. Leading Ethically When leading other individuals, it is imperative that one be ethical themselves, in order to lead ethically. A person, who is unethical, is going to inspire unethical behaviors in others. When members of an organization see that nothing happens to their leaders, others will fall  into the same unethical behavior and rationalize that what they are doing is ok as well (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 119). Leaders must set the example of ethical behavior for others. Leaders must also communicate ethical values of the organization to the staff. How can an individual know what they are doing is unethical in the eyes of the organization, if they do not know what is expected of them? The leader must continually communicate to the staff and remind them of what is ethical behavior. Another way to lead other ethically is to reinforce ethical behavior in the staff. When a leader sees an ethical decision made by a staff member, recognize their action. This will help that employee continue to make the right decision, and show others what is ethical behavior. Conclusion In order to be ethical, one must know what makes ethical and unethical decisions in their lives. Recognizing what makes an unethical decision, and ways to avoid making them, will help one to makes the right choice. Analyzing the situation, weighing other options and alternatives will help one to make an ethical decision. For a leader, these tools will also help their staff make ethical decisions as well. References Mallor, J., Barnes, A. J., Bowers, T., & Langvardt, A. W. (2010). Business law; The ethical, global, and e-commerce environment (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. (Original work published 1966)

Analysis of Thomas Teo’s Theories

Analysis of Thomas Teos Theories First review The first article focuses on whether psychological codes of ethics are morally oblique, authored by Thomas Teo. The researcher hypothesizes that both American and Canadian moral code in their current form are not equipped to address challenges like epistemological violence. The second hypothesis is that the codes are not immune to ideological changes especially with regard to war on terror and lastly the researcher hypothesizes that the psychological codes are blind or inarticulate with regard to issues touching on financial conflicts of interest that are observed in recent versions of Diagnostics and statistical manuals. The researcher uses examples derived from academic papers and also psychological practices; the researcher hopes to uncover the discrepancies between the psychological codes that make them lack flexibility. The first issue tackled in the paper concerns epistemological violence in psychological practice; epistemological violence can be viewed from the c ontext of interpreting empirical information; psychological research provide both empirical information and theoretical interpretations made by the researcher. Most time the empirical data does not influence the theoretical interpretation made by the researcher and thus calls for the hermeneutic process. The term epistemological violence stems from interpretations made which are detrimental to a particular person or group; for instance, Black people are naturally violent and less law-abiding as compared to their white and Asian counterparts; these are interpretations based on speculative hermeneutics and they have the potential to bring more disruption than good to the society. Both Canadian and American psychology associations address this issue by stating that psychological research should provide insight that is beneficial to the society and not do harm; the Canadian code emphasizes that research should be knowledgeable and sensitive to the cultural differences. But the proponent s of scientific sexism and racism can argue that the harm to society is irrelevant with respect to the truth; others can argue that putting the harm clause in research psychology is tantamount to censorship and impede progress in psychological research. It is imperative that psychological society include statements in the code that emphasize the harm that emanate from research interpretations. Application of psychological knowledge in the fight against terror is the next issue of interest. Both Canadian and American psychology Associations have clear code that prohibit their members from participating in acts of torture of terrorism detainees. It is imperative to understand that psychology as a profession is open to political, social influences which have always propelled the development of the discipline. The ethical code 1.02 that underpins the relationship between ethics and law was changed; in 1992, the code stated that is a psychologist’s ethics conflicted with the law, he/she was to make his contention apparent and take steps to reconcile the contention in a sober manner. But as a consequence of the happenings the September 11 th , the code was modified to state that if a psychologist encountered a conflict between ethics and the law, he/she was to make his/her commitment to ethical code be known and take requisite steps to resolve the conflict. If the dilemma could not be reconciled, the psychologist would abide by the requirements of the law. It is thus apparent that political-economic influences led to the alteration of the ethical code, and both the American and Canadian psychological societies did not put requisite safeguards to prevent psychologists from engaging in torturous activities. It is necessary that when changes are made to the code, the highest standards of ethics are involved so as to prevent violation of human rights.

Advertising and promoting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Advertising and promoting - Essay Example Brochures provides for a lot of information to be passed by, they are easy to fold and pass around. Many can be created at the same time and provide for large coverage without being bulky. Direct mailing gives promotion a sense of personal touch. Mail can also be customized for different people accordingly so as to meet their needs and motivate them. Newsletters provide for all useful organizational information to be communicated fully, Newspapers and newsletters also provide a great coverage of people. Posters and bulletins as well provide means to reach to the consumers. However they are often not paid attention and are effective when you place them strategically where the customers are likely to see them and notice them. Posters should also be kept neat and made attractive to be noticed. Social networks that involve discussion groups are effective methods of promoting products and advertising them. The social network is cheap to operate with and very fast media. It would involve s ites like Facebook and personal of company blogs and websites. Television can be quite expensive, it is however very effective medium as it reaches a very extensive population and gets popular with time. Radio on the other hand is also effective as a tool of advertisement it reaches a good population. Even so, it is hard to put down the visual content of an ad on radio and therefore it is useful as a first source of communication before consumers have to get on to the actual written form. This reduces on the effectiveness of the radio medium. All in all they are much cheaper compared to television ads. To pull through with an advertisement on an environmental friendly car it is important to consider a combination of certain forms of media which would include brochures and the radio media. It is important to obtain good representation of the car on the paper and provide with all the relevant information about it the brochures are effective since more information and actual drawings o f the car can be availed. The next step is to find a good distribution plan that could involve supermarkets and firms offering those brochures. To promote a new brand of Ferrari would require a technique of advertisement that would reach a certain population of car lovers. Television ads are useful for a certain period since car brands are majorly an interest to the general public. The companies’ newsletter provides useful information that is normally updated on a regular basis. Television adverts are useful as well in letting the public on new models since companies like Ferrari are already at a high point in the industry and the main aim is to maintain an image than create one. The company could use a mix of most of the media techniques. It could also incorporate web pages and the actual Ferrari website. The internet advertisements not only aloe for the public to view the models available but also purchase them. The website is especially useful since it allows for a global platform and market. The companies promote themselves by allowing for buyers overseas to order and do transactions online and by delivering the products as per the agreements. This way the companies gain loyalty and trust from other countries. The government is also supportive of exportation transactions since it gains from it by taxation during foreign exchange. The image of companies like Fe

The Role of the Internal Change Agent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role of the Internal Change Agent - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  Internal Change Agents are of three different types. The People-Change-Technology type focus on the individual employee, their morale and motivation. They deal with absenteeism, turnover, and the quality of work performed. These change agents use the techniques of job enrichment, goal setting, and behaviour modification. They work on the assumption that â€Å"if individuals change their behaviour, the organisation will also change†.This study outlines that  the Organisation-Development type are change agents who are involved in internal processes such as intergroup relations, communication, and decision making. Their intervention technique is referred to as the cultural change approach, because they analyse the culture of the targeted organisation. This approach was developed from the domains of sensitivity training, team building, and survey feedback. While implementing organisational change processes, managers often assume the roles of t he different types of internal change agents outlined above. The internal change agent as Researcher is closely related to the previous role of trainer. The role includes the training of organisation members in the skills required for valid evaluation of the efficacy of action plans that have been carried out. Lunenburg states that as part of the overall intervention strategy, the change agent designs an evaluation component, useful for solving both the current as well as future problems.

Population Changes and its Effect on Adult Education Research Paper

Population Changes and its Effect on Adult Education - Research Paper Example This specifically has become its advantage in the international trade considering that many multinational companies want to invest in China for profit maximization in particular. However, in some parts of the world, the increase of population has become a considerable problem of the government. In the case of developing countries, many people could not afford to go to school and get their degree due to the incapacity of the government to set enough budgets for free education for all. There are specifically many issues and these include socioeconomic factors that need to be faced. Maintaining a quality life in the case of highly populated nation has become a struggle especially in developing countries (Glewwe & Kremer, 2006). On the contrary, this may not be a great deal of problem in highly developed countries knowing that the government can afford to subsidize public education. However, in the case of highly populated countries, private institutions for education have become the sta ndard for quality education. Thus, these sectors are ensuring that their service is a cut above the other. This is their specific strategic move in order to entice students with their standard quality service in obtaining higher degree especially in adult education. The impact of population change on education Clearly, population change has become a considerable factor on how the system of education has been structured (Blanden & Machin, 2010; Climent, 2008). For instance, in Australia, there is a strong effort to promote standard and quality education amidst the rapidly increasing population. This has become its central focus considering that its economic standing in the world is so far one of the most great in contemporary time. The point of the country is to ensure that adult education has to be of high quality considering that the there is corresponding increase in population. However, in contrast, education in Africa for instance is remarkably poor knowing that there are other important issues that need to be addressed aside from it. There are other social issues that may be tied up to economic considerations. Food in Africa has become far more important than obtaining a degree. In line with this, it is clear enough that the country needs to focus on the problem from the basic point of view which particularly would involve population control. This example may be contrasting, but it is evident that the level of focus given on education can be influenced by population change. In the Philippines for instance, the country is currently debating on reproductive health bill. The current president of the country is very clear about its stand on the major impacts of population increase. This is the reason that he is strong in his stand for reproductive control issues. There is a need to certainly reduce the number of children that a family should have due to current status of the country. In fact, the current situation of the country is a concrete example how educ ation is compromised by high population. The government could not totally support the need of students for higher education due to high budget. The country has to allocate other budget. Thus, there are remarkable budgetary constraints. There are state universities in the country but there is always deficit on budget leading to poor educational