The Pact study guide Essay Essay Example

The Pact study guide Essay Essay Example The Pact study guide Essay Paper The Pact study guide Essay Paper 1 ) at 11 old ages old. George had sported a set of crooked dentitions and his female parent took him to a university of medical specialty and dental medicine to have braces in hopes if bettering his smiling. 2 ) George and his female parent move to Newark from South Carolina 3 ) shahid rj’s pa. Shahid Jackson. acted as a male parent to George. They fished and worked out together. 4 ) a stable place environment helps George resist force per unit areas to take part in negative activities 5 ) George’s first occupation was a groundsman at the composite in high park gardens. 6 ) George’s 3rd grade school instructor. viola Johnson. was his inspiration 7 ) As a kid. Sam was funny and was ever willing to larn. However. he discovers his mother’s secret was that she could non read. 8 ) from South Carolina. Sam’s household moves to Newark. 9 ) in 1968. Sam’s father bought a house. 10 ) Sam’s female parent topographic points dames hair inside a fictile bag and inside a bible once it is cut. 11 ) sam’s parents divorced when he was 11 12 ) Sam helped his female parent by reading Her mail. doing sedimentations at the bank and assisting to compose money orders for measures 13 ) Sam’s house was ever full because his female parent neer turned away any household members who were non financially stable and needed a topographic point to remain. 14 ) Sam was closest to his sister Fellease 15 ) Sam’s friend noody got a scholarship to Essex Catholic high school And another at Fairleigh Dickinson University. However noody returned place after first-year twelvemonth 16 ) Sam was caught by the proprietor when he tried to steal an icee 17 ) Reggie was a soldierly humanistic disciplines instructor that Sam’s brother took king fu lessons from 18 ) Miss Schimmel recommends Sam to travel to a magnet plan at University high school because it would give sam a better shooting of acquiring into high school. 19 ) Rameck’s mother’s female parent who is besides like a female parent to Rameck. 20 ) Rameck’s Parents were non good influences on him. They both turned to drugs in the clip of demand 21 ) Rameck Grew up in Plainfield. 22 ) Mrs. Hatt Encourages Rameck in school. he was in the talented and gifted plan. 23 ) Rameck’s Father was in gaol. 24 ) the trade Rameck struck with God was If God got one of his parents off of drugs he would neer utilize drugs. 25 ) Rameck’s First occupation was brushing hair from the floor of bill’s Barber store in Plainfield 26 ) Ma worked at a station office in Newark 27 ) Rameck Gives the money to his female parent to pay the electricity measure. Alternatively 28 ) Rameck Met George and Sam at his first twenty-four hours at University high in Plainfield. They took the same AP classs 29 ) The school created â€Å"school within a school† to react to a crisis Because corporations were kicking that they were holding problem run intoing new federal guidelines for engaging more minority workers. 30 ) George hung out with good friends to remain out of problem 31 ) through senior high school. Rameck Started off quiet and kept himself but over clip he became more involved and finally became good known in his school 32 ) Rameck decided to jump category and come back subsequently and spray his instructor. that he didn’t like. with cockamamie twine when she answered the door. 33 ) Sam. Rameck. and George became interested in Seton hall because 34 ) The male childs became interested in Seton Hall because they Saw advantages of a free college and accomplishing illustriousness and traveling to college with each other would be a great experience. The treaty formed when the male childs all agreed to use to the same college. 34 ) in the incident with the cleft caput. Rameck and some friend participated in penalizing a crackhead for smoking around them in the school country. Rameck pulled out a knife from his pocket and jabbed his thigh. The constabulary subsequently found him and his friend and arrested him. and subsequently after his release he was put on house apprehension. 35 ) When the injured adult male didn’t show up for any of the tribunal dates the justice threw out the charges. prosecuting officers still could hold revived the instance but his attorney pleaded with them to give him a interruption and non to prosecute the affair. They didn’t and Rameck got a 2nd opportunity. 36 ) The money doing strategy that Sam and his friends had were to Rob drugtraders. In the longrun. Sam had to confront the effects and ended up in a juvenile detainment centre. 37 ) Carla Dickson was a specializer for the premedical/predental plus plan 38 ) George’s doctrine on equal force per unit area is if you find the right cats to hang with- cats you trust- who portion your values and your friendly relationship. you’ll find that you can stand up to about anything 39 ) Rameck was felt aroused about the summer plan he George and sam were traveling to. 40 ) Carla becomes huffy with George Rameck and Sam because they wanted to picture the plan as a gaol. 41 ) Jawanza kunjufu’s theory about instruction and black immature work forces is that Smart energetic and hopeful black boys_systems so in adequately prepared to educate them that the male childs begin to lose involvement every bit early as 4th class and are frequently lost to the streets by high school. 42 ) Carla made Sam Make an assignment to speak to the professor to seek to understand why he had received The lower Mark and to do his instance for himself 43 ) Carla supported surface-to-air missile by listening to him. actuating him. and reminding him of what he’s set out to go. 44 ) Sam felt guilty because no 1 in his household has of all time been given such an chance. He feels he could be assisting out at place 45 ) cArla arranged for Sam Rameck and George to populate and work on campus for the summer. 46 ) Rameck tried to acquire the crowd to scatter from around him and micheal. But the white cat wouldn’t leave. Rameck’s choler sparked and he slammed thewhite cat on the land. he realizes that he needed to alter 47 ) Rameck stole a sweatshirt from the bookshop but after acquiring off from the clerk. he realizes that he merely used his last opportunity to be in seton hall. He was smart plenty to be at that place. he would be embarrassed if he had to travel back place. 48 ) Rameck organized a mentoring plan for childs in hapless vicinities. As a consequence it became known as ujima and their first event became successful. Equally good as the plan itself. 49 ) Rameck’s doctrine on giving back was no pecuniary value can be placed on the feeling that comes when you know you’ve made a difference in another individuals life. When you do touch another individuals life. the gifts support on multiplying. 50 ) George Rameck and sans experience with blame was serious. they tried difficult to go celebrated and good known and even sent their mixtapes to faith Evans. But in the terminal they decided to lodge to their dreams of going physicians. 51 ) Rameck and Kay broke up because she had been with another adult male the same clip she was with Rameck. His program before interruption was to give up his dream and go a instructor merely to win Kay back. 52 ) entree med was a new plan designed to assist minority pupils do better in medical school. It helps Sam and Rameck by leting them to take their first twelvemonth of medical school classs while completing their last twelvemonth of college. That would go forth them a much lighter burden when they entered they’re foremost official twelvemonth in med school. No George didn’t travel with them. He hasn’t gone because he had a good plenty GPa to subscribe a missive of purpose to travel into dental school. 53 ) Sam and his girlfriend broke up and subsequently he learned she was 4 months pregnant. But it wasn’t his for a fact. 54 ) Sam struggled in medical school because he wasn’t as comfy in topics such as scientific discipline and math like Rameck was. he would analyze all dark to understand everything. 55 ) on one of his visits place. Sam noticed that his sister. Fellease. hair was dilutant and finer. She had AIDSs 56 ) when go toing dental school. George struggled financially. he had so many unpaid debts and measures to pay. on top if that he had gotten robbed of 45 dollars. A cat who claimed to sell speak took George to a secluded topographic point and pulled out his gun. asked for the money. and ran off. 57 ) the male childs give each other cheap but thoughtful birthday gifts. Like a but of money or something stationary 58 ) after taking in two friends and his brother. George realizes he needs to clean house because measures skyrocketed. He asked all three of them to go forth. 59 ) the three girls out on of import life lessons by non holding male parents at that place to learn them. For illustration George didn’t cognize how to drive. the boys Teach each other or looked to other friends for aid. 60 ) DWB means driving while black. Rameck gets pulled over when DWB and fined with pathetic charges. In the terminal. it turns out that His friend save him and took a nice officers advice to register a ailment. 61 ) surface-to-air missile had used reappraisal books and pattern trials and had on a regular basis stayed up analyzing all dark when he failed the first clip. 62 ) Sam takes the topographic point and in the terminal turns down the 1 at Maryland infirmary. 63 ) SAMs doctrine on doggedness is: when you’ve failed repeatedly and believe you’re done. that last attempt is frequently the one you pull. His challenges in going a physician were largely set dorsums. For illustration. when he failed theprovince board test or when household issues came up. 64 ) all three male childs end up in the Newark country for their residences 65 ) 66 ) Ma made it to Rameck’s graduation. It was a gift for her to see him graduate particularly when no 1 in his household had the chance to graduate med school 67 ) with the money the three physicians amass they decided to set it towards a fund for a destitute pupil. 68 ) Sam was happy because he had overcame so much in life and became a successful physician. He discovers his intent by recognizing that the local people need him. Particularly household and friends. 69 )

Para Qué sirve la Matrícula Consular en Estados Unidos

Para Quà © sirve la Matrà ­cula Consular en Estados Unidos  ¿Quà © Es la Matrà ­cula Consular? La matrà ­cula consular es un documento emitido por los consulados de algunos paà ­ses  que permite la identificacià ³n de los connacionales que residen en los Estados Unidos. La matrà ­cula se entrega a todas las personas que la solicitan y cumplen los requisitos, sin importar su estatus migratorio (dado que los inmigrantes ilegales no tienen otras formas de identificacià ³n, la matricula consular es la que ms usan para este fin). Consulados que emiten la matrà ­cula consular Los consulados que entregan matrà ­culas consulares a sus connacionales dentro de Estados Unidos son: Argentina, Colombia (Tarjeta de Registro Consular), Ecuador, Guatemala (Tarjeta de Identificacià ³n Consular) y Mà ©xico (Matrà ­cula Consular de Alta Seguridad).   Cada consulado establece los requisitos para otorgarla, pero en general se solicita: un documento que pruebe la ciudadanà ­a del solicitante (como pasaporte o acta de nacimiento)uno o varios documentos que prueben el lugar de residencia (recibos de electricidad, contractos de arrendamiento, facturas)una o ms fotos tamaà ±o pasaporteuna cuota de pago de hasta $30 Cada consulado puede pedir documentos adicionales. En el caso de Mexico, los requisitos son: Prueba de nacionalidad (pasaporte mexicano, certificado de nacionalidad mexicana, certificado de nacimiento en Mà ©xico, o declaracià ³n de nacionalidad mexicana)Prueba de identidad (licencia de manejar mexicana o estadounidense, una identificacià ³n emitida por un estado de los Estados Unidos, pasaporte mexicano o de Estados Unidos, permiso de trabajo, tarjeta de voto mexicana, o cualquier identificacià ³n con foto emitida por el gobierno de Mà ©xico)Prueba de residencia en Estados Unidos (identificacià ³n emitida por un organismo pà ºblico en el que conste la direccià ³n del solicitante, o una factura de servicios pà ºblicos)Pago de $27  ¿Para Quà © Sirve la Matrà ­cula Consular? La matrà ­cula consular sirve: Como identificacià ³n en los condados  y ciudades que la admiten, como Tucson, Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Denver, San Antonio  y ChicagoComo identificacià ³n en ms de 350 bancos y cooperativas de crà ©dito para abrir cuentas, cobrar cheques o enviar dinero al extranjero. Entre las instituciones financieras que admiten las matrà ­culas consulares  se destacan Bank of America, Banco Popular, Citibank, HSBC, JP Morgan Chase, Wachovia Bank, Washington Mutual y Wells FargoComo identificacià ³n para inscribir  nià ±os en la escuelaComo identificacià ³n para obtener tarjetas de la biblioteca pà ºblica.Como identificacià ³n para acceder a  servicios pà ºblicosComo identificacià ³n para sacar licencias para negociosComo identificacià ³n para ingresar a edificios pà ºblicos de las municipalidades que la admitenComo identificacià ³n para obtener algunos servicios sociales, como  el WIC para mujeres embarazadas y menoresComo identificacià ³n para solicitar el certificado de nacimiento de un hijo nacido en Estados Unidos. Tenga en cuenta que algunas ciudades han emitido sus propias tarjetas de identidad y estas pueden ser utilizadas por los inmigrantes con los mismos beneficios y para los mismos fines de las tarjetas consulares.  ¿Para Quà © No Sirve la Matrà ­cula Consular? La matrà ­cula consular no es: Un documento que muestra el estatus migratorio legal en los Estados Unidos.Un documento que permita trabajar legalmente. Un documento de identificacià ³n para la planilla I-9 en un trabajo nuevo.Un documento de identificacià ³n en edificios federales (USCIS o cortes migratorias).Un documento de identificacià ³n para vuelos nacionales.Un documento de identificacià ³n para ingresar a Estados Unidos.  ¿Es Riesgoso Utilizarla? La tarjeta consular no indica el estatus migratorio, en ella no hay pruebas escritas de la misma. Sin embargo, una autoridad podrà ­a considerar el uso de la matricula una razà ³n de sospecha de que la persona no cuenta con otro documento legal de identificacià ³n. Aà ºn asà ­, recuerde que las autoridades no pueden obligarle a responder a sus preguntas ms all de su nombre ni obligarlo a mostrar ningà ºn tipo de documento; si una autoridad lo interroga usted puede permanecer en silencio una vez haya dicho su nombre. En esa medida, la matricula consular es una buena opcià ³n para tramitar gestiones que requieran identificacià ³n. De lo contrario usted puede usar su ITIN (Nà ºmero de Identificacià ³n de Contribuyente Individual) que le provee el IRS si no tiene seguro social. Este nà ºmero tampoco lo autoriza para trabajar legalmente pero muchos inmigrantes ilegales lo usan para pagar sus impuestos por trabajo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo y no pretende ser asesorà ­a legal.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Business Ethics - Essay Example During lunch hour between 1 pm and 2 pm, I interacted with Stephanie my best friend. She asked me whether she looked fat in her dress. In response I lied to her that she doesn’t look fat in her dress because I didn’t want to tell her she is gaining a lot of weight and definitely looks heavy. During the weekend around 10am to 11am we visited the mall with my best friends Stephanie, Richard and Alex. I attempted to steal an item in the supermarket. Unfortunately, I was caught stealing the item. I refused to admit the shoplifting offense and instead said that I saw somebody else commit the offense. I did this to avoid the long arm of the law which would end me up to the jail. After the Christmas holiday my brother Mike, brought a gift to me that I did not like. I lied to him that the Christmas gift he gave to me was great because I know he put a lot of thought into picking up the gift for me. After classes around 4pm and 6pm, I visited my brother’s friend in Michigan who had just concluded constructing a house. The house was really small and cramped. For this reason I did not like the house. I lied to him that I liked the house because I did not want to dampen her excitement. During the evening classes my friend Stanley came to class with a new haircut. Many students noticed the haircut and admired it. To me the haircut was unpleasant and not appealing to the eyes. I did not want to hurt his feelings by telling him that I hated the haircut but instead told him that the cut was really good. During my interaction with the students and one of the members of the society within the 3 days, I realized that women told most of the lies more than men. According to the journal article ‘lying in everyday life’, research was made in colleges and the community and it was recorded that women told many lies compared to men. College students conveyed lying in roughly one out of every

Operation Managment case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Operation Managment - Case Study Example In deed Lee (1) points out that the key differentiator between poor performing and high performing companies is the ability to increase inventory turns. Inventory management can be a daunting task for a mass retailing business with hundreds of products coming from a wide array of suppliers. Such a challenge can be even greater when the suppliers are located in different echelons of the organisation’s distribution network. Usually, most retail chains often use central distribution centres which source products from the suppliers and distribute them to the retail stores. Though this proves effective in most cases, if not well managed and executed, it may result to excess inventory in terms of redundant safety stock, stock outs, and product allocations that are not optimal (Lee 2). This paper analyses LuLu’s hypermarket’s inventory management to identify a weakness and propose a re-engineered improved operation. LuLu Group operates some of the biggest and well performing hypermarkets, Lulu Express and shopping malls in the United Arabs Emirates and in other cities within the Gulf region (Retail Business Review 1). The hypermarkets which are the retailing division of EMKE Group, a multinational company dealing in a wide array of sectors, prides itself in providing high quality consumer merchandise across the Gulf region through its 103 stores. Like any other mass merchandising store, LuLu hypermarkets offers a wide array of consumer goods and services under one roof (LuLu Hypermarkets 1; Hemalatha and Sivakumar 52). LuLu hypermarkets deal in a wide array of products ranging from grocery products, apparel products, baby products, cleaning products, beverages, health and beauty aids, electronic products, pet supplies, seasonal merchandise, home furnishings and home decor, kitchen appliances, tools and power equipment, office supplies, outdoor living, gardening products, as well as footwear. All these products are from a wide array of brands, in different

Maori and New Zealander Access to Healthcare

Maori and New Zealander Access to Healthcare Harry C. Abellana Jr Access To Healthcare†¦The Difference between Maoris and New Zealanders Abstract This paper will discuss and open up about the reality of cultural diversity and equality. There are different factors in which equality can be quantified but this work will focus mainly on the healthcare system of New Zealand. It would show why there are still differences on how to access it even though all people living in this land should have equal rights in benefiting from it. My work would give a little background about the history of New Zealand and its people and would slowly focus to the main topic to be discussed. Introduction The Maoris or Polynesians were one of the first settlers in New Zealand. It was a vast land mass which was rich in natural resources, may it be land or aquatic. The Maori people were strong and brave people. They would put their life on the line to protect their land. They protect it with pride as it was their own child. Different international explorer and crusaders were pretty much common during that era. They would explore new land for commerce, colonize or spread their words. New Zealand was not exempted from these explorers and due to extensive circumnavigating the world, the first Europeans set foot on this land. The Europeans would introduce a different culture and practices. They brought in goods and knowledge. They not only presented new technologies but introduced different type of diseases as well. As years passed by, New Zealand became more advanced and fortunately became a first-world country. New Zealand might be one of the best places to live in but it has its own set of problems as well because of the diverse culture that makes it especially between the Maoris and European settlers. Traditional Maori Culture and Health Problems The Maori have a very strong culture involving their traditional way of healing or the Rongoa Maori. This traditional way of healing involves different aspects. They believe in traditional herbal concoctions to be used to cure diseases. They also believe in different massage strokes and strong prayers as other ways in treating ailments. These may not have the detailed scientific background or studies to prove that their methods are effective but this is their culture. This is the way that their ancestors used to overcome their health problems. Their culture should be respected and not to be criticized. The Maori group of people also believe in their cultural safety or in the local language called Kawa Whararuruhau. This would also be a problem into the access of healthcare because they are sensitive to their life experiences. If one of their family members had a negative experience in the hospital or other healthcare facility, this would leave a stigma to their community. They would be hesitant to approach the healthcare providers and healthcare facilities. That is why healthcare providers should be sensitive to the different cultures that they encounter in their day-to-day activities. Another Maori concept that would contribute to the problem of fair access to healthcare is Tino Rangatiratanga. This is basically a social concept that they can practice their traditional culture and inculcate it to the local norms. There are certain procedures or practices that healthcare facilities cannot practice because modern hospitals are now following international health standards. Some of the Maoris cannot grasp to accept this and would like to upheave that their customs should be followed because again of the Tino Rangatiratanga social concept. Healthcare providers would have their hands tied regarding this issue because health standards should be followed and this would cause a problem to the traditional Maori culture. Toanga in the Maori culture means a highly valuable possession. This may be a physical thing or immaterial in nature. This would be a potential problem because the Toanga could be a hinder in the treatment regimen. This could cause a dilemma to the healthcare provider because the culture should be respected while giving the care necessary to the patient. Now the issue about the access to healthcare will come to play because the Maori people may be hesitant to reach out to the healthcare benefits because their culture might be encroached. There is also a Maori culture that I believe is a positive side to help alleviate the discrepancy to the access of healthcare and that is Manaakitanga. It is basically showing your kindness and hospitality to other people. The healthcare industry should inculcate this into their practice because it will lead to a positive outcome. Even though the majority of their clients are sick or ill, they should show their patients that they are welcome. This will make the patient more comfortable and this would lead to tendency that people are more motived to visit the hospital or healthcare institution to seek for help. Maoris are genetically big in nature. They have a big and strong physique. Their diet usually consists of meat and vegetables but due to the introduction and increasing popularity of junk food, health problems has been an issues. There are cases of obesity, joint pains and certain heart conditions. Smoking is also a habit that is trying to be prevented as smoking can lead to various kinds of health problems. There are also dental problems with the Maori people. They fail or rarely seek the help of dentist for their dental care. Access to Healthcare Problems New Zealand has a good healthcare system. The government divided the whole country into different District Health Boards. I believe that they have done this so that the people can easily access the hospitals in case of emergency and health concerns. Most of the costs of hospitalization are highly subsidized by the government so that it would lessen the burden to the public and promote good health. I have been in New Zealand working as a healthcare assistant in different hospitals and rest homes. I have been in the front row of being a witness on how the people can access the healthcare benefits provided by the government. I would like to start off by describing the positive and negative side of Maoris and the rest of the New Zealanders from my observation. The majority of the New Zealanders that I have met are well educated and well mannered. They are hard-working group of people and most of them have stable jobs. Their jobs would help them sustain the basic things needed in life like food, clothing and shelter. These people pay taxes that are used by the government to run the country and provide benefits to the people like healthcare. They can also afford different kind of insurances which serves as an assurance that whenever they face a health problem, someone will take care of it for them. The higher earning society can also afford private hospitals and expensive general pr actitioners or doctors. They can also afford to buy the different medications that are being prescribed to them. The negative side of having all of these much more comfortable accesses to healthcare are the biases and looking down to other sectors of the society. If you have the right resources, you will get the best healthcare services and procedures to keep your body healthy. The Maori people are good people. Don’t get me wrong but there are also Maoris that have done well for themselves in this country. They are earning good and have a very comfortable life. Again, they are brave and very proud of their culture and family. These are good traits but I would like to point out to the bad traits that some are showing. They believe that they own this land and the rest are just visitors. They are very well supported by the government but they feel that it is still not enough. We can see some on the streets begging for something even though we can observe that they are very capable of doing manual labour. I believe this is what we call of being lazy and proud. There are free services like free education to get a better life but they tend not to use it and just rely on other for their needs. Some Maoris have a job but the pay is not that high. Their income is just enough to survive on a day-to-day basis. This is where the access to healthcare becomes diff erent. While other New Zealanders have an easier access not only to government-funded hospitals but also private ones, some of the Maori people can only depend on the free ones. Money can be a factor to this problem but I also believe that culture also plays a very important part of the problem. Their culture believes in the traditional way of things and this could hold them back from seeking modern day science-based healthcare system. Their attitude also plays its part. They have a tendency of being stubborn and feel that they can do whatever they want. Now when a health condition occurs and which could not be corrected or improved by the traditional way, money plays a very important role. Yes, they have free benefits from being hospitalized but the maintenance would be a problem for them. The cost of medication can be one of the problems. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also be an issue like for example healthier foods are much more expensive. Also their ability to accept change should be given a thought. The government is doing their part to give and promote health to everyone. They are developing programs to reach out to people and try to inform them about how to be healthy. The resources are out there but it is up to the people if they want to benefit from this. If they really want to be healthy, the person itself should be responsible for his or her own actions on how to be healthy. The Barriers Involved For me, the problem in resolving the issues on the access to healthcare is basically due to the fault of the people themselves. New Zealand’s history also plays a part. Basically, the Maoris think that the Europeans invaded them and that they are trying to get the country from them. They think that the Europeans should provide them everything that they need because they own the land. On the other hand, the government is saying that all are provided and it is up to you to grab the opportunity to benefit from it. The differences in culture, attitudes and beliefs are aspects that I believe are the causes to these problems. If these elements can be resolved and straightened out, the problem can be easily resolved. Best Practices We are now living in a modern world. Most of the people are now educated and understands more about the different cultures in the society. New Zealand is giving opportunities to other citizens of the world to come into the country and try to succeed. This move will greatly benefit the country. It will open the doors to understand different culture, religions and practices. It will be a good basis on how to implement future plans for the country that would benefit all of the people. The decisions of the country and its people will be more diplomatic and sensible that everyone can enjoy and benefit from thus preventing disputes not only in the healthcare setting but the total setting of the country. Conclusion I therefore conclude that there are different factors that affect the problem about the access to healthcare between the Maori people and other people that occupies New Zealand. Some of the factors may be education, psychosocial, physiologic or socio-economic factors. There are times that these factors cannot be mended but all the efforts are being made to make a country of different cultures work. The Maoris might feel deprived from their rights because of the feeling that their land was taken away from them. It should be explained or to make clear to them that laws are being mandated so that not only their culture is protected but all of the cultures that forms New Zealand. The key thing to resolving problems is learning to understand and compromise. Recommendation I would recommend that proper information dissemination should be promoted. Educating the people will help understand the situation of the country’s intention to help its people. This would help the government to set laws and people to understand these laws and how they can benefit from it. â€Å"References Jungersen, K. (2002). Cultural safety: Kawa Whakaruruhau – An occupational therapy perspective. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 49(1), 4-9 Ministry of Health – Manatu Hauora (2014). Rongoa Maori: Traditional Maori Healing. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/rongoa-maori-traditional-maori-healing Ministry of Health – Manatu Hauora (2014). The Health of Maori Adults and Children. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-maori-adults-and-children Moorfield, J. (2003-2015). Te Aka Online Maori Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=phrase=proverb=loan=keywords=manaakitangasearch= Newzealand.govt.nz. Story: Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi – nga matapono o te tiriti. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/principles-of-the-treaty-of-waitangi-nga-matapono-o-te-tiriti/page-1 Social Justice Commission of the Anglican Church (2015). Tino Rangatiratanga. Retrieved from http://www.justice.net.nz/justwiki/tino-rangatiratanga/† 1 | Page

Pip’s family Essay

In chapter one of the story we discover that Pip’s family is deceased, well apart from his sister. They all died from common diseases like flu and measles and other illnesses which some were treatable but, medicine was not affordable for the poor. The social conditions in the nineteenth century were unfortunate. There wasn’t much medicine and there were no cure for common diseases and there was a lot of poverty, poor people had to work which includes children working in factories, there wasn’t in the least of education for the poor. This all tells us that life was hard to live in Britain in the nineteenth century if you were poor. Today in Britain it is greatly different, there is less poverty, more education, affordable prices for medicine, children don’t need to work to support there family, also there is the NHS health service and there is child benefit along with income support. Pip encounters an escaped convict when he goes to see his mother’s grave. Pip was petrified when he saw this convict; he was an enormous man and was chained up to his legs. In those days all convicts were known as murders so when Pip met him he was horrified. Then the convict forces Pip to bring food to eat and a filer to break lose from the chains on his hands and legs. In Pip’s village the standard of education was important but the poor often couldn’t afford it. Only the rich and wealthy families were able to afford education. Poor people weren’t expected to get educated in Pip’s village. Pip was expected to work and support his family when he was older. Pip wanted to become a black smith like Joe. Charles Dickens wants to create a miserable impression about education among the working classes. He wants to show how unfortunate children were in the working classes as they can not get any education and had to support there families. The children of wealthier families received different standard of education from the poorer families. They weren’t amongst the working classes, they didn’t need to work to support there families they could afford education as well as medicine, which means that life wasn’t bad for rich and wealthy families. Joe and Pip are extraordinarily good friends Because Joe is a fully grown man and Pip is a youngster and there relationship is very secure and close, they can talk to each other in confidence, can keep secrets from each other and support each other in any way. Joe had an extremely dreadful childhood he suffered from a lot of violence from his dad as he gave a great deal of pain to Joe and his mother by beating them. Joe’s dad was constantly drunk also, they were suffering from poverty. Joe explains his father and childhood to Pip. He tells him about the violence he suffered from his father this makes Pip feel uncomfortable and sorry about Joe. â€Å"†¦I was not at all at my ease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this is how Pip felt, he felt anxious and confused when the time was up to go to Miss Havisham’s house for the arrangement. At the gates of the Satis house Pip met Estella. Estella treated Pip awfully bad. She kept on calling him â€Å"†¦boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  at the end of her every sentence, this was very impolite and rude. By Estella’s words and actions it made Pip feel like someone not to be complimented at even for this Pip had feelings for Estella. Estella knows that pip comes from a poor social background. She feels that he is someone that has no education and manners so she speaks to him very rudely by calling him not by his name but by â€Å"†¦boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  at the end of every sentence. When Pip left the Satis house he felt like a â€Å"†¦common labouring-boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and felt more ignorant because he cried in front of Estella at the gates of the Satis. Pip was very irritated by the way Joe was dressed, which it was in his Sunday clothes and he also was irritated when Joe’s behaviour was very embarrassing during their meeting with Miss Havisham. Joe was trying to act smart and act like a gentleman but he made things worse by tying to say big words like â€Å"Astonishing† but he said it all wrong he said it like â€Å"†¦as-TON-ishing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this made Pip feel more irritated and Nervous. When Joe was speaking to Miss Havisham he was addressing to Pip, Pip was trying to give him a clue to stop Joe from looking at him and to look at Miss Havisham when speaking to her but Joe was to dense to notice. This all is showing us that Pip’s attitude changes towards Joe; he starts feeling ashamed about Joe because he showed out Pip’s social and financial life at the meeting with Miss Havisham by the way he speaks and dresses. I don’t think Pip should have felt this way because Joe is his close friend and he should not change his feelings and actions towards Joe just because he gets irritated at him. Now we can see that Pip’s social life and poverty is affecting his own character.

The Laws In Other Countries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2847 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: India Essay Did you like this example? Chapter 3 Comparative Analysis of the laws in other countries vis-a-vis India Legislation w.r.t Criminal Law including investigation and Punishment Provisions w.r.t Victim Compensation and Treatment Steps taken w.r.t sale and Regulation of corrosive acids Steps taken to ensure Implementation of the laws at the ground level Legislation w.r.t Criminal Law including Investigation and Punishment When it comes to Legislation Bangladesh has the most stringent laws w.r.t. acid violence. The maximum punishment of death[1] is inflicted on the accused if throwing the acid results in killing the person or if by throwing acid the sight or ear is damaged fully or partially or if it results in disfiguration/damage to the face/breast or sexual organs. Throwing of acid or even an attempt to throw acid is punishable up to a maximum of 7 years imprisonment.[2] Also a specific provision makes aiding and abetting the commission of an acid attack liable to the same extent as the commission of the acid attack itself. Cambodia on the other hand makes intentional killing by acid /criminal offence leading to the death of the victims unintentionally or cause the victims to commit suicide punishable up to 30 years.[3] Causing death unintentionally due to carelessness invites a punishment of up to 5 years and a fine of 2 million riel. Perpetrating intentional violence on others by using concen trated acid invites the maximum punishment of 5 years with a maximum fine of 10 million riels. Under the Pakistan Penal Code 1860 if hurt is caused by acid violence then it is punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than 14 years and a million fine of 1 million rupees.[4] Under Indian Law whoever causes permanent or partial damage or deformity to, or burns or maims or disfigures or disables any part or parts of the body of a person or causes grievous hurt by throwing acid on or administering acid to that person, with the intention of causing or with the knowledge that he is likely to cause such injury or hurt, shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than 10 years but which may extend to life and with fine.[5] Unlike the Bangladesh Law wherein anyone causing death is punished without the requirement to prove intention or knowledge, the Indian Law requires the prosecution to furt her prove that such burns/ disfiguration were caused with the intention/ with the knowledge of causing such burns or bodily injury. Moreover there is a time frame of 30 days for the completion of investigation. The investigating police officer must complete the investigation within 30 days following the reported attack or the Magistrateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s order for an investigation. Two extensions of 15 days each can be granted on application to the court. If after 60 days, the officer is unable to complete the investigation, a new officer must be assigned and action will be taken against the first officer. The new officer has 15 days to complete the investigation. In order to expedite the trial procedures the total time allowed for investigations is 90 days. The trial then has to be completed and a conviction secured within 90 days of the end of the investigation period. The court is very proactive in ensuring that the police investigate acid cases. Section 13 in the Act states that legal action will be taken against any officers who are negligent or corrupt in investigating the crime. Also the Bangladesh Act ensures that the acid attack victim gets proper medical examination immediately and receive a certificate regarding the examination. The Section also lays down that action will be taken against a negligent doctor.[6] Also in Bangladesh there are special Acid Tribunals for speedy disposal of cases w.r.t acid Violence. Acid-offences Prevention Tribunals have been set up solely to try acid cases, headed by district or session judges. These topic-specific Tribunals are to ensure that members on the Tribunals are properly sensitized to acid attack cases.[7] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Laws In Other Countries" essay for you Create order Provisions w.r.t Victim Compensation and Treatment The Acid Control Act, 2002 of Bangladesh mandates the creation of National Acid Control Council funds and district committee funds to finance awareness-raising campaigns and provides assistance to acid survivors for treatment, rehabilitation, and legal aid. Also the fine of 1 lakh taka is to be paid to the victim of such attacks. Also Chapter 3 of the Cambodian Legislation deals with Support of the Victim(s) of Concentrate Acid Attack. Article 10 enjoins the relevant authority to immediately bring the victim(s) to the closest health centers, state-own hospital or any other state-own health institutions.[8] Article 11 makes it mandatory for the state and the hospitals to treat the victims free of charge and Art 12 talks about rehabilitative measures to be taken.[9]The Pakistan 2012 Bill establishes the Acid and Burn Crime Monitoring Board and describes its role and responsibilities. The bill also provides for government funding for the Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functioning. A new Bil l titled Criminal Law Amendment Act 2014 is pending in the National Assembly. It is proposing introduction of a new Section 166A in the Pakistan Penal Code.[10] Section 166B further penalizes non-treatment of victims of acid violence by a Private or a Government hospital to a fine of Rs.25, 000. The Indian law unlike the law in other countries doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t formulate any National Board/Council for the overseeing of victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s treatment or rehabilitation. The National Commission of Women Bill recommended it but it was never adopted.[11] However Section 326A of the IPC does provide that the fine imposed shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses of the treatment to the victim and would be paid to the victim. Also the newly Inserted Section 357B states that compensation payable by the State Government u/s 357A shall be in addition to the payment of fine to the victim u/s 326 A or Section 376D IPC. Further Section 357C[12] enjoins all hospital s, public or private, whether run by the Central Government, the State Government, local bodies or any other person to immediately provide the first-aid or medical treatment free of cost to the victims of any offence covered u/s 326A, 376, 376A-E of the IPC and shall immediately inform the police of such incident. Section 166B of the Code makes a person incharge of a hospital, public or private, whether run by the Central Government, the State Government, local bodies or any other person liable if such hospital contravens the provision of Section 357C of Crpc punishable up to imprisonment for a maximum term of 1 year or with fine. The Supreme Court has further ensured that the amount of compensation to be paid to victims of acid violence should be atleast 3 lakhs.[13] However under the Indian laws there is no authority to monitor such compliance by the hospitals. Also there is no authority/ council to oversee that the victims receive the compensation amount in time. Even after th e Supreme Court judgment many acid attack victims still havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t received the initial 1 lakh Rs. Compensation which they are supposed to get within 15 days of the attack for the essential treatment. The victims donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know whom to approach for the money and are made to run from pillar to post, from one government department to the next. Steps taken w.r.t sale and Regulation of corrosive acids The Acid Control Act (ACA) of Bangladesh creates a licensing regime that regulates the sale, storage, distribution, and use of acid. The ACA creates a National Acid Control Council (NACC) which institute policies relating to the trade of acid, enact policies to prevent its misuse etc.[14] The Acid Control Act lays down setting up of District committees which are responsible for implementing the national guidelines and enacting local measures to further regulate acid. The Deputy Commissioner chairs the District committee while its members include the districtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Superintendent of Police, the Civil Surgeon (head of the district health department), the director of the district department of women affairs, the director of the district social welfare services, the district public prosecutors, NGO representatives, and also acid users associations. Furthermore the Act punishes the unlicensed production, import, transport, storage, sale, and use of acid by a prison term of 3 to 10 years, and a fine of up to Tk. 50,000. It establishes the central government as the licensing authority for import licenses and the deputy commissioner as the licensing authority for transport, storage, seller, and user licenses. It also requires license holders to keep informational records relating to all acid use. Thus there is specific machinery in place and the 15 member National Acid Control Council is tasked with regulating sale of acid and preventing its misuse with the help of committees at the district level headed by the district commissioner who is empowered to take action if the need arises. The Cambodian Law on Regulating Concentrate Acid passed in November 2011 and came in to force December 2011. This law criminalizes acid violence provides regulations and controls for all forms of concentrate acid. The 2011 legislation deals with regulation of the Sale of Acid under Articles 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9.[15] The Act introduces a licensing regime and also make s the Production, innovation, import, export, packaging, transportation, carry, distribute, buying, selling, storing, and using of all kind of Concentrate Acid without license or permission a punishable offence. The sub decree[16] brought out in 2013 lays down the formalities and conditions for sale, purchase, storage, transportation and use of strong acid of all types so as to prevent, curb and suppress any offence caused by strong acids. Article 6 of the Sub-Decree enjoins the seller/ distributer of strong acids to have a fixed place for selling and distributing strong acids and also to persons showing the relevant documents for the purpose. But unlike in Bangladesh there is no specific machinery to check and enforce the provisions of the 2011 legislation and the Sub-decree. In Pakistan while the Acid Control and Acid Crime Prevention Act was passed unanimously by Parliament, the unlicensed sale of acid has not been regulated. Interior Minister Rehman Malik recently asked Pa rliament to issue strict orders for the regulation of acid sales and purchases in accordance with the new laws.[17] In India it is the Supreme Court that has been at the forefront regarding the control of sale and regulation of acid. In Laxmià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case the Supreme Court in its order dated 18th Julyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢2013 gave directions on the sale of corrosive substances over the counter and while storage and transport of corrosive substances.[18] The central government after the order brought out à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Model Poisons Possession and Sale Rules, 2013à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [19] to serve as a guideline for the various State Government to follow after amending it to serve the particular Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest. After repeatedly being directed by the Supreme Court to do so, a number of state Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s complied and framed rules to regulate sale of acid and other corrosive substances in line with the Model Rules framed by the Central Gove rnment. As per the latest order of the Supreme Court dated 22nd Aprilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢2014 States of Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, have still not complied with the order dated 3.12.2013 and the Chief Secretaries of these States were directed to ensure that compliance of the order dated 3.12.2013 is positively made and affidavit of compliance is filed in this Court on or before 15.7.2014 failing which the Court would initiate contempt proceedings against the defaulting States.[20] Many states that have complied have not framed rules as stringent as those of the Central Government Model Rules. States like Bihar have a compensation package of Rs. 25,000 for the victims of acid violence, a meager amount considering that on average an acid attack victim has to go through about 20 surgeries running into tens of lakhs of Rupees. As per Section 1 5 every license holder is mandated to maintain a register listing out each and every sale of poison.[21] Moreover these rules only create a licensing regime and contain provisions making person liable for carrying/storing acid without a licence. Section 11 of the Model Rules does empower an Executive Magistrate or a Police officer of the rank of Sub-Inspector and above or a Medical Officer appointed by the State Government to visit and inspect the premises of the license holder where a poison is kept for sale and may inspect all poisons found therein and the registers. But these provisions arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t followed and sale of acid continues in the open moreso since the punishment awarded for non-compliance is ineffective does not act as a deterrent. Anyone found violating the provisions would be punishable, (i) On a first conviction, with imprisonment for a term which may, extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees or with both, and (ii) On a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment for a term, which may extend to six months, or with fine, which may extend to one thousand, rupees, or with both. A punishment of 500 Rs. or 1000 Rs. makes these rules a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“toothless instrumentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Steps taken to ensure Implementation of the laws at the ground level In Bangladesh the Acid Control Act (ACA) creates specific machinery for the enforcement of the grievances of the victims or the regulation of acids or the dispensation of criminal justice. The ACA creates a National Acid Control Council (NACC) which institute policies relating to the trade of acid, enact policies to prevent its misuse etc.[22] The Acid Control Act lays down setting up of District committees which are responsible for implementing the national guidelines and enacting local measures to further regulate acid. The Deputy Commissioner chairs the District committee while its members include the districtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Superintendent of Police, the Civil Surgeon (head of the district health department), the director of the district department of women affairs, the director of the district social welfare services, the district public prosecutors, NGO representatives, and also acid users associations. National Acid Control Council funds and district committee funds to fi nance awareness-raising campaigns and provides assistance to acid survivors for treatment, rehabilitation, and legal aid. Also Acid-offences Prevention Tribunals have been set up[23] solely to try acid cases and there is a strict timeframe in place for the investigation and trial of acid violence cases. This couple with stringent punishement helps in the implementation process and therefore there is a 20 % drop each year in cases of acid attack from their peak in 2002. Pakistan in its 2014 Bill (tabled on 8th Aprilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢2014) has recommended the establishment of the Acid and Burn Crime Monitoring Board describing its role and responsibilities. The bill also provides for government funding for the Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functioning.[24] In India inspite of so many laws and the efforts of the Supreme Court, acid continues to be sold easily. Checking for Id cards and maintaining registers is not followed. Also the supreme court direction on Rs. 3Lakh compensation is not followed and even donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know where to go and collect the funds. They are made to run from the health Ministry department to the Hiome ministry to the National Commision for Women. There is also no clarity regarding payment of treatment to the hospitals. Under the new provision in the Indian Penal Code, all hospitals are enjoined to provide free treatment to victims of acid violence, but many victims have been made to return by hospitals as there is no clarity to them whether they would be paid. They ask the victim for proofs of the acid attack and send the victim back on technical grounds. India needs a national and a district level authority like the National Council, which can serve as an intermediary between the victim and the state. Both the national Commission for Women and the Law Commission have recommended for Compensation/Monitoring Boards[25] at the Centre, State and District levels in the country which if implemented would help in the implementati on of the laws prevalent in the country. [1] Supra n.64. [2] Supra n.66. [3] Supra n.103. [4] Supra n.121. [5] See Section 326B of the Indian Penal Code. [6] For details see Chapter 2.1.2- Legislative Provisions in Bangladesh. [7]Ibid. [8] Supra n.99. [9] Supra n.100 and 101. [10] Supra n.123. [11] Supra n.139. [12] For details see Chapter 2.4.2- Legislative Provisions in India. [13] Ibid. [14] See Supra n. 71, 72, 73 and 74. [15] Supra n.97. [16] Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity (CASC), No.48 S.E. Sub Decree on the Formalities and Conditions for Strong Acid Control, the Royal Government of Cambodia, 19th Febà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢2013. [17] Supra n.115 at 37. See also Gishkori, Zahid. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lawmakers agree on stringent laws on Acid Crimes,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Express Tribune, March 27, 2012, available at: https://tribune.com.pk/story/356019/lawmakers-agree-on-stringent-lawson-acid-crimes-but-leave-out-perptrator/(Visited on 20th Jan 2014). [18] See Supra n.14. [19] The Model Poisons Possession and Sale Rules, 2013 Notified by the Central Government to act as guidelines to the State Govt. to enact their own respective Model Rules to regulate the sale and distributi on of acids. [20] For Details see Infra n. 224. [21] See Sections 11 and 15 of The Model Poisons Possession and Sale Rules, 2013. [22] For details see Chapter 2.1.2- Legislative Provisions in Bangladesh. [23] Ibid. [24] For details see Acid and Burn Crime Bill available at: https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents /1396955238_474.pdf(Visited on April 23, 2014). [25] For more details See Chapter 2.4.3 Draft Bills and Reports.